Linux中硬链接和软链接的介绍-红联Linux系统门户

　　首先要弄清楚,在Linux系统中,内核为每一个新创建的文件分配一个Inode(索引结点),每个文件都有一个惟一的inode号。文件属性保存在索引结点里，在访问文件时，索引结点被复制到内存在，从而实现文件的快速访问。

　　链接是一种在共享文件和访问它的用户的若干目录项之间建立联系的一种方法。Linux中包括两种链接：硬链接(Hard Link)和软链接(Soft Link),软链接又称为符号链接（Symbolic link）。

　　一、硬链接

　　硬链接说白了是一个指针，指向文件索引节点，系统并不为它重新分配inode。可以用:ln命令来建立硬链接。语法:

引用:
ln [options] existingfile newfile
ln[options] existingfile-list directory

　　用法: 第一种:为”existingfile”创建硬链接,文件名为”newfile”。第二种:在”directory”目录中,为”existingfile-list”中包含的所有文件创建一个同名的硬链接。常用可选[options] -f 无论”newfile”存在与否,都创建链接。-n 如果”newfile”已存在,就不创建链接。

　　下面举一些例子:

引用:
$ ls -il
13058 -rwx - - - - - - 1 longcheng longcheng 48 8月 5 16:38 file1
13059 -rwx - - - - - - 1 longcheng longcheng 57 8月 5 16:40 file2
$ ln file2 file2hard
$ ls -il
13058 -rwx - - - - - - 1 longcheng longcheng 48 8月 5 16:38 file1
13059 -rwx - - - - - - 2 longcheng longcheng 57 8月 5 16:40 file2
13059 -rwx - - - - - - 2 longcheng longcheng 57 8月 5 16:40 file2hard

　　注意在创建链接前,file1 显示的链接数目为1,创建链接后(1)file1和file1hard的链接数目都变为2;(2) file1和file1hard在inode号是一样的(3) file1和file1hard显示的文件大小也是一样。可见进行了ln命令的操作结果：file1和file1hard是同一个文件的两个名字，它们具有同样的索引节点号和文件属性，建立文件file1的硬链接，就是为file1的文件索引节点在当前目录上建立一个新指针。

　　链接数同时减一,只有将所有指向文件内容的指针,也即链接数减为0时，内核才会把文件内容从磁盘上删除。当前目录逻辑结构：(不好意思图没有显示出来)。

　　还可以在不同目录，但同一文件系统中建立文件的硬链接。设file1、file2在目录/home/longcheng/dir1中，下面的命令，在/home/longcheng中建立file2的硬链接。

引用:
ln file2 /home/longcheng/file2hard

　　下面的程序，是将dir1目录中所有文件，在目录dir2中建立硬链接

引用:
$mkdir dir2
$ln /home/longcheng/dir1/* /home/longcheng/dir2

　　如果使用了 ln -f existingfile newfile,如果newfile已经存在，则无论原来newfile是什么文件，只用当前用户对它有写权限，newfile就成为exisitngfile的硬链接文件。

　　尽管硬链接节省空间，也是Linux系统整合文件系统的传统方式，但是存在一下不足之处：

　　（1）不可以在不同文件系统的文件间建立链接

　　（2）只有超级用户才可以为目录创建硬链接。虽然很多树上说root用户可以创建，但是笔者在学习过程中发现即使是root用户也不能创建，我的系统是Redhat，内核2.4、2.6都试过，在其他系统中不知道是不是可以。

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-05 11:36:24发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-05 11:35:55发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-05 11:35:39发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-05 11:35:21发表:

203.223.159.* 于 2007-08-05 04:34:49发表:

Yhanks! Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
free music to download = free music downloads = free music for ipod = free legal music downloads = limewire = music downloads pc = FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS = free mp3 = free music downloads =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ music downloads pc :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html music downloads pc :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca limewire :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html free music download :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com limewire :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds free music download sites :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html free mp3 music downloads :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html music downloads :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ music downloads pc :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic download music free :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe download music for free ::
free mp3 music downloads .. free music ipods .. free music .. free legal music downloads .. free mp3 .. free music download .. limewire ..

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-04 15:44:06发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-04 15:43:16发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-04 15:42:36发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-04 15:42:23发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-04 15:42:05发表:

203.121.78.* 于 2007-08-04 11:07:31发表:

Yhanks! Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
free music download = music download = free download music = free music to download = free music downloads = free mp3 downloads = mp3 downloads = how to download music = free country music downloads =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ download music free :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html free limewire :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca free ipod music downloads sites :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html free music video :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com classical music downloads :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds free mp3 music downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html legal music downloads :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html free legal music downloads :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ download music video :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic download music for free :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe free music download sites ::
FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS .. classical music downloads .. classical music downloads .. classical music downloads .. free music ipods .. music downloads pc .. free country music downloads ..

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-03 06:25:19发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-03 06:24:49发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-03 06:23:35发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-03 06:23:19发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-03 06:23:01发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-02 07:05:48发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-02 07:05:13发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-02 07:04:10发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-02 07:03:56发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-02 07:03:38发表:

203.223.159.* 于 2007-08-02 04:01:20发表:

Hi boys! Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
free music download = free music to download = Free Music Downloads = free mp3 downloads = free music download sites = limewire = download music video = free mp3 downloads = free music for ipod =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ free mp3 music downloads :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html free mp3 downloads :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca free ipod music downloads sites :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html free limewire :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com free limewire :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds music :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html free music for ipod :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html Free Music Downloads :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ music download :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic mp3 downloads :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe free music downloading ::
free download music .. free music downloading .. music download .. download music video .. free mp3 music downloads .. free music downloads .. free limewire ..

203.121.69.* 于 2007-08-01 23:27:31发表:

Hi! Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS = free music downloads = free legal music downloads = limewire = free country music downloads = mp3 downloads = music downloads = download free music = free music downloads =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ free mp3 :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html how to download music :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca free music downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html music downloads :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com download music video :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds free music video :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html free ipod music downloads :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html classical music downloads :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ classical music downloads :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic free legal music downloads :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe music download ::
free mp3 music downloads .. download music free .. free music download .. mp3 downloads .. music download .. music downloads .. free music download ..

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-01 07:20:01发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-01 07:19:34发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-01 07:18:20发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-01 07:18:06发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-08-01 07:17:48发表:

203.223.159.* 于 2007-08-01 04:16:59发表:

Hi boys! Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
download music video = free music download = free ipod music downloads sites = legal music downloads = free music download = free music downloading = mp3 downloads = free music = free music download =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ free music download sites :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html free music :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca classical music downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html classical music downloads :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com music downloads :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds music download :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html download free music :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html mp3 downloads :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ free music video :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic free music video :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe free country music downloads ::
free music video .. legal music downloads .. free music .. free country music downloads .. FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS .. free mp3 music downloads .. FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS ..

203.223.159.* 于 2007-08-01 04:16:25发表:

203.223.159.* 于 2007-08-01 03:51:17发表:

Hi, my Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
download music video = free music downloads = free legal music downloads = free limewire = music downloads pc = free music downloads = download music free = free mp3 downloads = how to download music =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ music download free :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html legal music downloads :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca limewire music downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html free download music :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com free mp3 :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds mp3 downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html free music downloads :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html free limewire :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ limewire music downloads :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic Free Music Downloads :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe free music ::
download free music .. free ipod music downloads .. music download free .. FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS .. music download .. Free Music Downloads .. download music for free ..

72.128.54.* 于 2007-07-31 17:51:40发表:

flower delivery dallas flower delivery dallas http://www.fr-wedding-flowers.info/1/1725 document imaging software document imaging software http://www.law-judgement-spain.info/article/document-imaging-software witzig geschenkidee witzig geschenkidee http://www.de-gift.info/today/1055 vendita ingrosso articolo regalo vendita ingrosso articolo regalo http://www.baby-gift-ita.info/phorum/vendita-ingrosso-articolo-regalo.asp interest mortgage only pay interest mortgage only pay http://www.1onlineloan.info/phorum/interest-mortgage-only-pay.html black every from gift holiday list black every from gift holiday list http://www.gift12.info/1856 state of florida home insurance state of florida home insurance http://www.1carinsurance-quote.info/book/state-of-florida-home-insurance fleurs rose artificielle fleurs rose artificielle http://www.envoi-fleurs.info/1290 wall shadow box shelf wall shadow box shelf http://www.giftboxes123.info/posts/1911.asp buy plants online buy plants online http://www.1-origami-blume.info/1412.php

81.251.59.* 于 2007-07-31 16:34:04发表:

cadeaux bapteme bebe cadeaux bapteme bebe http://www.fr-gift.info/book/cadeaux-bapteme-bebe nevada divorce lawyer nevada divorce lawyer http://www.ley-corte.info/posts/1693.asp automobile mandataire automobile mandataire http://www.1-loi-proces.info/article/automobile-mandataire.html gift wrap cutter gift wrap cutter http://www.1baby-gift.info/phorum/gift-wrap-cutter.php rose garden coverversionen rose garden coverversionen http://www.silk-flowers-de.info/1/1307.php sistema archiviazione documento sistema archiviazione documento http://www.legge-it.info/forum/sistema-archiviazione-documento.asp planta de luz solar planta de luz solar http://www.rosasflores.info/article/1033.asp springfield business firm law springfield http://www.1law-process.info/post/business-firm-law-springfield,springfield.asp divorce lawyer michigan divorce lawyer michigan http://www.it-law-court.info/info/1007.php mesothelioma lawyer mesothelioma lawyer http://www.1-fr-law.info/6/mesothelioma-lawyer.html

90.40.133.* 于 2007-07-31 16:34:00发表:

geschenkidee blume geschenkidee blume http://www.babygeschenk.info/online/1238.asp investigacion planta medicinal odontologia investigacion planta medicinal odontologia http://www.es-flor-artificial.info/5/investigacion-planta-medicinal-odontologia.asp document destruction new york document destruction new york http://www.1-gesetz-gerechtigkeit.info/book/1963 vicodin onlineu.mefti.net sitcg gifts vicodin onlineu.mefti.net sitcg gifts http://www.1paniers-cadeaux.info/vicodin-onlineu.mefti.net-sitcg-gifts.asp avocat droit travail avocat droit travail http://www.fr-loi-juge.info/posts/avocat-droit-travail.asp dallas personal injury attorney dallas personal injury attorney http://www.law-court-italy.info/files/1070 recette salade avocat pamplemousse recette salade avocat pamplemousse http://www.loi-avocat-fr.info/3/recette-salade-avocat-pamplemousse.php hawaiian flower wedding band hawaiian flower wedding band http://www.send-flowers-es.info/pdf/hawaiian-flower-wedding-band.html testigo jehova bautizados noviembre 1974 valencia testigo jehova bautizados noviembre 1974 valencia http://www.law-lawyer-es.info/online/testigo-jehova-bautizados-noviembre-1974-valencia.html san antonio social security attorney san antonio social security attorney http://www.1-law-court.info/10/1317.php

203.121.69.* 于 2007-07-31 10:03:07发表:

Thanks! Best free mp3 music downloads site: :
free mp3 = free music downloads = free music ipods = classical music downloads = limewire = download music for free = Free Music Downloads = free music to download = free music to download =
http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ download free music :: http://musicdownloads4free.angelfire.com/free-music.html free music downloads :: http://bridgenews.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/fmusca mp3 downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/free-music.html limewire :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com FREE MUSIC DOWNLOADS :: http://www.viktorschreckengost.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/bergds Free Music Downloads :: http://idisk.mac.com/fmp3musicdownloads/Public/music.html free music for ipod :: http://musicdownloadsmp3.tripod.com/music_downloads.html limewire music downloads :: http://www.fixgrout.com/cgi/ how to download music :: http://noticeboard.calimera.org/calimera/portal_memberdata/portraits/freemusic free music downloading :: http://nmstandards.org/portal_memberdata/portraits/vsemoe music downloads pc ::
free ipod music downloads .. limewire music downloads .. free music ipods .. Free Music Downloads .. music .. free legal music downloads .. download music video ..

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-31 06:06:50发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-31 06:06:19发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-31 06:05:10发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-31 06:04:56发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-31 06:04:38发表:

Linux中硬链接和软链接的介绍

共有 2240 条评论

频道文章

最新教程

随机推荐