Qt－embeded的安装-红联Linux系统门户

1．Qt－embeded简介

随着嵌入式Linux应用的不断发展，嵌入式处理器运算能力的不断增强，越来越多的嵌入式设备开始采用较为复杂的GUI系统，手持设备中的GUI系统发展得非常迅速。传统的GUI系统，如Microwindows等，由于项目规模较小、功能较为薄弱，缺乏等三方软件开发的支持等诸多原因，在比较高级的手持或移动终端设备（如PDA、Smart-Phone、车载导航系统）中应用较少。

Qt/Embedded是著名的Qt库开发商Trolltech公司开发的面向嵌入式系统的Qt版本，开发人员多为KDE项目的核心开发人员。许多基于Qt的X Window程序可以非常方便地移植到Qt/Embedded上，与X11版本的Qt在最大程度上接口兼容，延续了在X上的强大功能，在底层彻底摒弃了X lib，仅采用framebuffer作为底层图形接口。Qt/Embedded类库完全采用C++封装。丰富的控件资源和较好的可移植性是Qt/Embedded最为优秀的一方面，使用X下的开发工具Qt Designer可以直接开发基于Qt/Embedded的UI（用户操作接口）界面。越来越多的第三方软件公司也开始采用Qt/Embedded开发嵌入式Linux下的应用软件。其中非常著名的Qt Palmtop Environment（Qtopia）早期是一个第三方的开源项目，并已经成功应用于多款高档PDA。Trolltech公司针对Smart-Phone中的应用需求，于2004年5月底发布了Qtopia的Phone版本。

Qt/Embedded的实现技术基础分析横向来看，由于发布的版权问题，Qt/Embedded采用两种方式进行发布：在GPL协议下发布的free版与专门针对商业应用的commercial版本。二者除了发布方式外，在源码上没有任何区别。纵向看来，当前主流的版本为Qtopia的2.x系列与最新的3.0x系列。其中2.0版本系统较多地应用于采用Qtopia作为高档PDA主界面的应用中；3.x版本系列则应用于功能相对单一，但需要高级GUI图形支持的场合，如Volvo公司的远程公交信息系统。图1为Qt/Embedded的实现结构。

3.x版本系列的Qt/Embedded相对于2.x版本系统增加了许多新的模块，如SQL数据库查询模块等。几乎所有2.x版本中原有的类库，在3.x版本中都得到极大程度的增强。这就极大地缩短了应用软件的开发时间，扩大了Qt/Embedded的应用范围

在代码设计上，Qt/Embedded巧妙地利用了C++独有的机制，如继承、多态、模板等，具体实现非常灵活。但其底层代码由于追求与多种系统、多种硬件的兼容，代码补丁较多，风格稍显混乱。

2．配置framebuffer

（1）配置kernel：

执行 make mrproper

make menuconfig

然后按照“刘明”提供的下列选项进行enabling framebuffer support:

Code maturity level options --->
? Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=Y)
Console drivers --->
? VGA text console (CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE=Y)
? Video mode selection support (CONFIG_VIDEO_SELECT=Y)
o Frame-buffer support --->
o Support for frame buffer devices (EXPERIMENTAL) (CONFIG_FB=Y)
§ VESA VGA graphics console (CONFIG_FB_VESA)
§ Advanced low level driver options (CONFIG_FBCON_ADVANCED=Y)
§ Monochrome support (CONFIG_FBCON_MFB=Y)
§ 2 bpp packed pixels support (CONFIG_FBCON_CFB2=Y)
§ 4 bpp packed pixels support (CONFIG_FBCON_CFB4=Y)
§ 8 bpp packed pixels support (CONFIG_FBCON_CFB8=Y)
§ 16 bpp packed pixels support (CONFIG_FBCON_CFB16=Y)
§ 24 bpp packed pixels support (CONFIG_FBCON_CFB24=Y)
§ 32 bpp packed pixels support (CONFIG_FBCON_CFB32=Y)

配置结束，保存退出，依次执行

make dep

make bzImage（注意不能执行make zImage，因为其只适用于内核小于1M的情况）。

（2）修改grub.conf

在你所编译内核的项目下的以kernel开头的一行的最后加上 VGA=791 （如果你的分辨率为1024×768），that is OK。然后重新启动电脑，在启动桌面的左上角出现一只企鹅，framebufer安装成功

通过fbset命令检查framebuffer：

＃fbset

mode“1024×768－76”

D：78.653MHz， H：59.949KHz， V：75.694Hz

Geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16

Timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4

Rgba 5/11 6/5 5/0 0/0

Endmode

3.qt-embeded的安装

通过查询文档发现在X windows下通过qmake命令就可以生成Makefile文件，但是在嵌入式下面需要使用tmake命令才能生成Makefile命令，所以下载了tmake1.11(生成Qt/Embeded应用工程的Makefile文件)。并且这次参考了《Qt/Embeded开发环境建立过程》一文。

以root身份进行安装。

cd /root

tar xfz tmake-1.11.tar.gz

生成tmake-1.11文件夹，然后照《Qt/Embeded开发环境建立过程》进行配置。

export TMAKEDIR=$PWD/tmake-1.11
export TMAKEPATH=$TMAKEDIR/lib/qws/linux-x86-g++
export PATH=$TMAKEDIR/bin:$PATH

注销root，重新以root登陆执行

发现系统居然没有tmake命令，看来export命令只是暂时有效，所以在/root下的.bash_profile下设置路径将命令修改如下：

TMAKEDIR=$HOME/tmake-1.11
TMAKEPATH=$TMAKEDIR/lib/qws/linux-x86-g++

PATH=$TMAKEDIR/bin:$PATH

export TMAKEDIR TMAKEPATH PATH

执行

＃tmake

Usage:

tmake [option] project -files

options:

-e expr Evaluate expression,ignore template file

-nodepend Don’t generate dependency information

-o file Write output to file

-t file Specify a template file

-unix Creat output for Unix (auto detects)

-v Verbose / debug mode

-win32 Create output for Win32 (auto detects)

tmake安装成功。

其次在/root下安装Qt/Embedded 2.3.7，执行

tar xfz qt-embedded-2.3.7.tar.gz
cd qt-2.3.7，
在root下的.bash_profile下设置路径，代码如下：

QTDIR=$HOME
QTEDIR=$QTDIR
PATH=$QTDIR/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export QTDIR QTEDIR LD_LIBRARY_PATH
./configure -qconfig -qvfb -depths 4,8,16,32
make sub-src
cd ..

上述命令 ./configure -qconfig -qvfb -depths 4,8,16,32 指定Qt 嵌入式开发包生成虚拟缓冲帧工具qvfb，并支持4，8，16，32 位的显示颜色深度。另外我们也可以在configure 的参数中添加－system－jpeg 和gif，使Qt/Embedded 平台能支持jpeg、gif格式的图形。上述命令 make sub-src 指定按精简方式编译开发包，也就是说有些Qt 类未被编译。Qt 嵌入式开发包有5 种编译范围的选项，使用这些选项，可控制Qt 生成的库文件的大小，但是您的应用所使用到的一些Qt 类将可能因此在Qt 的库中找不到链接。编译选项的具体用法可运行./configure －help 命令查看。

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