Linux下的NFS配置

环境：

client: 主机rac2,ip 192.168.0.6

server: 主机rac1,ip 192.168.0.5

1) 在客户端启动portmap和nfs服务，单起nfs进程是无法启动的。

[root@rac2 init.d]# ./nfs start

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: Cannot register service: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused

rpc.rquotad: unable to register (RQUOTAPROG, RQUOTAVERS, udp).

[FAILED]

Starting NFS daemon:

[FAILED]

Starting NFS mountd: Cannot register service: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused

mountd: unable to register (mountd, 1, udp).

[FAILED]

Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]



[root@rac2 init.d]# ps -ef|grep nfs

证明nfs没有启动。

[root@rac2 init.d]# /etc/init.d/portmap start

Starting portmap: [ OK ]

[root@rac2 init.d]# ps -ef|grep portmap

rpc 3198 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 portmap

root 3202 2998 0 02:39 pts/0 00:00:00 grep portmap

[root@rac2 init.d]# /etc/init.d/nfs start

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

启动正常，检查一下nfs进程是否在。

[root@rac2 init.d]# ps -ef|grep nfs

root 3222 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3223 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3224 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3225 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3226 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3227 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3228 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3231 1 0 02:39 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]

root 3260 2998 0 02:45 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nfs


rac1上有一个/disk0分区，看从rac2能否直接连接上rac1

[root@rac1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda5 2.9G 2.3G 503M 83% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot

none 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda2 7.7G 2.3G 5.1G 32% /home

/dev/sda3 3.9G 2.3G 1.4G 62% /usr

/dev/sda7 2.8G 1.1G 1.6G 40% /var

/dev/sdb5 1004M 1.3M 952M 1% /disk0


[root@rac2 init.d]# mount 192.168.0.5:/disk0 /wyl (/wyl目录必须已存在)

mount: mount to NFS server '192.168.0.5' failed: System Error: Connection refused.

报错信息指的是server端(Rac1)的nfs进程没起来！


在服务端启动nfs进程(实际上是要启动portmap和nfs进程)

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/portmap start

Starting portmap: [ OK ]

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]

再次在客户端连接

[root@rac2 init.d]# mount 192.168.0.5:/disk0 /wyl

mount: 192.168.0.5:/disk0 failed, reason given by server: Permission denied

此报错信息是因为没在server端授权client端来连接,其实道理很简单,必须在服务端来决定哪些IP可以来mount,我的哪个分区可以被mount.

在服务器端编辑/etc/wxports文件

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/exports

/disk0 192.168.0.6(rw)

第一列定义的是服务端哪个分区可以被mount,第二列定义的是哪些客户端IP可以来mount.

注意修改/etc/export后,要重起nfs进程.

vi /etc/exports

/disk0 192.168.0.6(rw)

~

~

~

"/etc/exports" 1L, 24C written

[root@rac1 ~]# more /etc/exports

/disk0 192.168.0.6(rw)

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs restart

Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS services: [ OK ]

Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]

Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]

Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]


此时在客户端连接就可以了.

[root@rac2 init.d]# mount 192.168.0.5:/disk0 /wyl

无报错信息.

[root@rac2 init.d]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda5 2.9G 277M 2.5G 10% /

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot

none 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda2 7.7G 62M 7.3G 1% /home

/dev/sda3 3.9G 2.5G 1.2G 68% /usr

/dev/sda7 2.8G 117M 2.5G 5% /var

192.168.0.5:/disk0 1004M 1.3M 952M 1% /wyl


为使下次重起时系统能自动启动portmap和nfs进程.在客户端和服务端都要执行.

#chkconfig -level 235 portmap on

#chkconfig -level 235 nfs on

为了客户端下次重起时能自动连接server端的nfs分区.修改客户端/etc/fstab文件.添加

/wyl 192.168.0.5:/disk0


总结一下配置过程:

1) 在客户端和服务端均启动portmap和nfs,最好是修改为自动启动的进程.

2) 修改服务端/etc/exports文件,定义允许连接的客户端

3) 客户端连接

mount serverip:目录 客户端目录

4)编辑客户端/etc/fstab以便客户端每次重起后也能连接server端。