ÔÚLinuxϵͳÖУ¬´ó¶àÊýÅäÖÃÎļþ¡¢ÈÕÖ¾Îļþ£¬ÉõÖÁshell½Å±¾¶¼Ê¹ÓÃÎı¾Îļþ¸ñʽ£¬Òò´Ë£¬Linuxϵͳ´æÔÚ×ŶàÖÖÎı¾±à¼Æ÷£¬µ«µ±Äã½ö½öÏëÒª²é¿´Ò»ÏÂÕâЩÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝʱ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÃüÁî-cat¡£
catÊÖ²áÀïÕâÑùÃèÊö£º
catÃüÁî¶ÁÈ¡ÎļþÄÚÈÝ£¬²¢Êä³öµ½±ê×¼É豸ÉÏÃæ
catÊÇÒ»ÌõlinuxÄÚÖÃÃüÁî. ¼¸ºõËùÓÐlinux·¢Ðа涼ÄÚÖã¨Òë×¢£º»òÕß˵ÎÒ´ÓδÌý˵¹ý²»ÄÚÖÃcatÃüÁîµÄ·¢Ðа棩¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿ªÊ¼Ñ§Ï°ÈçºÎʹÓÃ.
1. ÏÔʾÎļþÄÚÈÝ
×î¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨ÊÇÖ±½ÓÊäÈë¡®cat file_name¡¯.
# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.10 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
2. ͬʱÏÔʾÐкÅ
µ±ÔÚ¶ÁÈ¡ÄÚÈݺܶàµÄÅäÖÃÎļþʱ£¬Èç¹ûͬʱÏÔʾÐкŽ«»áʹ²Ù×÷±ä¼òµ¥£¬¼ÓÉÏ-n²ÎÊý¿ÉÒÔʵÏÖ.
# cat -n /etc/ntp.conf
1 # Permit time synchronization our time resource but do not
2 # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system
3 restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
4 restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
5
6 # Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could be
7 # tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of the
8 # administration functions
9 restrict 127.0.0.1
10 restrict -6 ::1
3. ÔڷǿոñÐÐÊ×ÏÔʾÐкÅ
ÀàËÆÓÚ-n²ÎÊý£¬-bÒ²¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾÐкš£Çø±ðÔÚÓÚ-bÖ»ÔÚ·Ç¿ÕÐÐǰÏÔʾÐкš£
#cat -b /etc/ntp.conf
1 # Permit time synchronization our time resource but do not
2 # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system
3 restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
4 restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
5 # Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could be
6 # tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of the
7 # administration functions
8 restrict 127.0.0.1
9 restrict -6 ::1
4. ÏÔʾtabÖÆ±í·û
µ±ÄãÏëÒªÏÔʾÎı¾ÖеÄtabÖÆ±íλʱ. ¿ÉʹÓÃ-T²ÎÊý. Ëü»áÔÚÊäÈë½á¹ûÖбêʶΪ ^I .
# cat -T /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1^I^Ilocalhost.localdomain localhost
::1^I^Ilocalhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
5. ÏÔʾ»»Ðзû
-E²ÎÊýÔÚÿÐнáβʹÓà $ ±íʾ»»Ðзû¡£ÈçÏÂËùʾ :
# cat -E /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs$
# that require network functionality will fail.$
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost$
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6$
6. ͬʱÏÔÊ¾ÖÆ±í·û¼°»»Ðзû
µ±ÄãÏëҪͬʱ´ïµ½-T¼°-EµÄЧ¹û, ¿ÉʹÓÃ-A²ÎÊý.
# cat -A /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs$
# that require network functionality will fail.$
127.0.0.1^I^Ilocalhost.localdomain localhost$
::1^I^Ilocalhost6.localdomain6 localhost6$
7. ·ÖÆÁÏÔʾ
µ±ÎļþÄÚÈÝÏÔʾ³¬¹ýÁËÄãµÄÆÁÄ»´óС, ¿É½áºÏcatÃüÁîÓëÆäËüÃüÁî·ÖÆÁÏÔʾ¡£Ê¹ÓùܵÀ·û ( | )À´Á¬½Ó¡£
# cat /proc/meminfo | less
# cat /proc/meminfo | more
ÔÚlessÓëmoreÏÔʾ½á¹ûµÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚless²ÎÊý¿Épageup¼°pagedownÉÏÏ·¹ö¡£¶ømore½öÄÜʹÓÿոñÏòÏ·ÆÁ¡£
8. ͬʱ²é¿´2¸öÎļþÖеÄÄÚÈÝ
λÓÚ/rootÎļþ¼ÐÀïÓÐÁ½¸öÎļþÈ¡Ãûlinux¼°desktop£¬Ã¿¸öÎļþº¬ÓÐÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ :
Linux : Ubuntu, centos, RedHat, mint and slackware
Desktop : gnome kde, xfce, enlightment, and cinnamon
µ±ÄãÏëͬʱ²é¿´Á½ÎļþÖеÄÄÚÈÝʱ£¬¿É°´ÈçÏ·½·¨ :
# cat /root/linux /root/desktop
ubuntu
centos
redhat
mint
slackware
gnome
kde
xfce
enlightment
cinnamon
9. ÅÅÐòÏÔʾ
ÀàËÆ. ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔ½áºÏcatÃüÁîÓëÆäËüÃüÁîÀ´½øÐÐ×Ô¶¨ÒåÊä³ö. Èç½áºÏ sort £¬Í¨¹ý¹ÜµÀ·û¶ÔÄÚÈݽøÐÐÅÅÐòÏÔʾ¡£¾ÙÀý :
# cat /root/linux | sort
CentOS
mint
RedHat
slackware
Ubuntu
10. ÊäÈëÖØ¶¨Ïò
ÄãÒ²¿É½«ÏÔʾ½á¹ûÊä³öÖØ¶¨Ïòµ½ÆÁÄ»»òÁíÒ»¸öÎļþ¡£ Ö»ÐèҪʹÓà > ·ûºÅ£¨´óÓںţ©¼´¿ÉÊä³öÉú³Éµ½ÁíÒ»¸öÎļþ¡£
# cat /root/linux > /root/linuxdistro
ÒÔÉÏÃüÁî»áÉú³ÉÒ»¸öÓë/root/linuxÄÚÈÝһģһÑùµÄ½ÐlinuxdistroµÄÎļþ.
11. н¨Îļþ
LinuxÏÂÓжàÖÖ·½·¨Ð½¨Îļþ¡£ÆäÖÐʹÓÃcat¾ÍÊÇ·½·¨Ö®Ò».
# cat > operating_system
Unix
Linux
Windows
MacOS
µ±ÄãÊäÈëcat > operatingsystem£¬Ëü»áÉú³ÉÒ»¸öoperatingsystemµÄÎļþ¡£È»ºóÏÂÃæ»áÏÔʾ¿ÕÐС£´ËʱÄã¿ÉÊäÈëÄÚÈÝ¡£±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇÊäÈëUnix, Linux, Windows ºÍ MacOS£¬ ÊäÈëÍê³Éºó£¬°´Ctrl-D´æÅÌÍ˳öcat¡£´ËʱÄã»á·¢ÏÖµ±Ç°Îļþ¼ÐÏ»áÉú³ÉÒ»¸ö°üº¬Äã¸Õ²ÅÊäÈëÄÚÈݵĽРoperating_systemµÄÎļþ¡£
12.ÏòÎļþÖÐ×·¼ÓÄÚÈÝ
µ±ÄãʹÓÃÁ½¸ö > ·ûʱ, »á½«µÚÒ»¸öÎļþÖеÄÄÚÈÝ×·¼Óµ½µÚ¶þ¸öÎļþµÄĩβ¡£ ¾ÙÀý :
# cat /root/linux >> /root/desktop
# cat /root/desktop
Ëü»á½« /root/linuxµÄÄÚÈÝ×·¼Óµ½/root/desktopÎļþµÄĩβ¡£
µÚ¶þ¸öÎļþµÄÄÚÈݽ«»á±ä³ÉÕâÑù:
gnome
kde
xfce
enlightment
cinnamon
ubuntu
centos
redhat
mint
slackware
13. ÖØ¶¨ÏòÊäÈë
Äã¿ÉʹÓà <ÃüÁСÓںţ©½«ÎļþÊäÈëµ½catÖÐ.
# cat < /root/linux
ÉÏÃæÃüÁî±íʾ /root/linuxÖеÄÄÚÈÝ×÷ΪcatµÄÊäÈë¡£ÆÁÄ»ÉÏÏÔʾÈçÏ :
ubuntu
centos
redhat
mint
slackware
ΪÁ˸üÇå³þ±íʾËüµÄÒâÒ壬ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁî :
# cat < /root/linux | sort > linux-sort
´ËÃüÁîÕâÑùÀí½â: ´Ó/root/linuxÖжÁÈ¡ÄÚÈÝ£¬È»ºóÅÅÐò£¬½«½á¹ûÊä³ö²¢Éú³Élinux-sortÐÂÎļþ
È»ºóÎÒÃÇ¿´¿´linux-sortÖеÄÄÚÈÝ :
centos
mint
redhat
slackware
ubuntu
ÒÔÉÏÊÇһЩcatÃüÁîµÄÈÕ³£»ù±¾Ó¦ÓÃ. ¸ü¶àÏà¹ØÄã¿É´ÓcatÃüÁîÊÖ²áÖÐѧµ½²¢¼ÇµÃ¾³£Á·Ï°ËüÃÇ.
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