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26.1. ϵͳ½ø³Ì
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ps aux | less

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ps ax | grep emacs

top ÃüÁîÏÔʾÁ˵±Ç°ÕýÔËÐеĽø³ÌÒÔ¼°¹ØÓÚËüÃǵÄÖØÒªÐÅÏ¢£¬°üÀ¨ËüÃǵÄÄÚ´æºÍ CPU ÓÃÁ¿¡£¸ÃÁбí¼ÈÊÇÕæʵʱ¼äµÄÒ²ÊÇ»¥¶¯µÄ¡£ÒÔÏÂÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö top µÄÊä³öʾÀý£º

00:53:01 up 6 days, 14:05, 3 users, load average: 0.92, 0.87, 0.71
71 processes: 68 sleeping, 2 running, 1 zombie, 0 stopped
CPU states: 18.0% user 0.1% system 16.0% nice 0.0% iowait 80.1% idle
Mem: 1030244k av, 985656k used, 44588k free, 0k shrd, 138692k buff
424252k actv, 23220k in_d, 252356k in_c
Swap: 2040212k av, 330132k used, 1710080k free 521796k cached
PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM TIME COMMAND
15775 joe 5 0 11028 10M 3192 S 1.5 4.2 0:46 emacs
14429 root 15 0 63620 62M 3284 R 0.5 24.7 63:33 X
17372 joe 11 0 1056 1056 840 R 0.5 0.4 0:00 top
17356 joe 2 0 4104 4104 3244 S 0.3 1.5 0:00 gnome-terminal
1 root 0 0 544 544 476 S 0.0 0.2 0:06 init
2 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 kflushd
3 root 1 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:24 kupdate
4 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 kpiod
5 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:29 kswapd
347 root 0 0 556 556 460 S 0.0 0.2 0:00 syslogd
357 root 0 0 712 712 360 S 0.0 0.2 0:00 klogd
372 bin 0 0 692 692 584 S 0.0 0.2 0:00 portmap
388 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 lockd
389 root 0 0 0 0 0 SW 0.0 0.0 0:00 rpciod
414 root 0 0 436 432 372 S 0.0 0.1 0:00 apmd
476 root 0 0 592 592 496 S 0.0 0.2 0:00 automount


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±í 26-1. »¥¶¯µÄ top ÃüÁî

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Èç¹ûºÍ top Ïà±È£¬Äã¸üϲ»¶Ê¹ÓÃͼÐλ¯½çÃ棬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà GNOME ϵͳ¼àÊÓÆ÷ ¡£Òª´Ó×ÀÃæÉÏÆô¶¯Ëü£¬Ñ¡ÔñÃæ°åÉ쵀 ¡¸Ö÷²Ëµ¥¡¹ => ¡¸ÏµÍ³¹¤¾ß¡¹ => ¡¸ÏµÍ³¼àÊÓÆ÷¡¹ »òÔÚ X ´°¿ÚϵͳµÄ shell ÌáʾϼüÈë gnome-system-monitor ¡£È»ºóÑ¡Ôñ ¡¸½ø³ÌÁÐ±í¡¹ ±êÇ©¡£

GNOME ϵͳ¼àÊÓÆ÷ ÔÊÐíÄãÔÚÕýÔËÐеĽø³ÌÁбíÖÐËÑË÷½ø³Ì£¬»¹¿ÉÒԲ鿴ËùÓнø³Ì¡¢ÄãÓµÓеĽø³Ì¡¢»ò»îÔ¾µÄ½ø³Ì¡£

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[ Last edited by 007 on 2005-11-7 at 15:37 ]
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  1. 007 ÓÚ 2005-11-07 15:33:59·¢±í:

    ͼ 26-2. GNOME ϵͳ¼àÊÓÆ÷

    26.3. Îļþϵͳ
    df ÃüÁ¸æϵͳµÄ´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÓÃÁ¿¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ shell ÌáʾϼüÈëÁË df ÃüÁËüµÄÊä³öÓëÏÂÃæÏàËÆ£º

    Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
    /dev/hda2 10325716 2902060 6899140 30% /
    /dev/hda1 15554 8656 6095 59% /boot
    /dev/hda3 20722644 2664256 17005732 14% /home
    none 256796 0 256796 0% /dev/shm

    °´ÕÕĬÈÏÉèÖ㬸ù¤¾ß°Ñ·ÖÇø´óСÏÔʾΪ 1KB µÄ¿é£¬ÒÑÓõĺͿÉÓõĴÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒÔ KB Ϊµ¥Î»ÏÔʾ¡£Òª²é¿´ÒÔ MB ºÍ GB Ϊµ¥Î»µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Ê¹Óà df -h ÃüÁî¡£ -h Ñ¡Ïî´ú±íÈ˿ɶÁ¸ñʽ¡£ËüµÄÊä³öÀàËÆÓÚ£º

    Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/hda2 9.8G 2.8G 6.5G 30% /
    /dev/hda1 15M 8.5M 5.9M 59% /boot
    /dev/hda3 20G 2.6G 16G 14% /home
    none 251M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm

    ÔÚ·ÖÇøÁбíÖУ¬ÓÐÒ»ÏîÊÇ /dev/shm ¡£¸ÃÏîÄ¿´ú±íϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÎļþϵͳ¡£

    du ÃüÁîÏÔʾ±»Ä¿Â¼ÖеÄÎļþʹÓõĹÀ¼Æ¿Õ¼äÊýÁ¿¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ shell ÌáʾϼüÈëÁË du ÃüÁÿ¸ö×ÓĿ¼µÄÓÃÁ¿¶¼»áÔÚÁбíÖÐÏÔʾ£¬µ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ºÍ×ÓĿ¼µÄ×ܺÍÒ²»áÔÚÁбíµÄ×îºóÒ»ÐÐÖб»ÏÔʾ¡£Èç¹ûÄã²»Ïë²é¿´Ã¿¸ö×ÓĿ¼µÄÓÃÁ¿£¬Ê¹Óà du -hs ÃüÁîÀ´Ê¹ÓÃÈ˿ɶÁµÄ¸ñʽֻÁгöĿ¼ÓÃÁ¿×ܺ͡£Ê¹Óà du --help ÃüÁîÀ´²é¿´¸ü¶àÑ¡Ïî¡£

    Òª²é¿´Í¼Ðλ¯µÄϵͳ·ÖÇøºÍ´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÓÃÁ¿£¬Ê¹Óà ¡¸ÏµÍ³¼àÊÓÆ÷¡¹ ±êÇ©£¬Èçͼ 26-2µÄµ×²¿Ëùʾ¡£

    ÇÏÃÅ:¹ØÓÚʵÏÖ´ÅÅÌÅä¶îµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Çë²ÎÔĵÚ6Õ¡£


    26.3.1. ¼à¿ØÎļþϵͳ
    Red Hat Linux ÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö diskcheck µÄ¹¤¾ß³ÌÐò£¬Ëü¼àÊÓϵͳÉϵĿÕÏдÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÊýÁ¿¡£¸ù¾ÝÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬µ±Ò»¸ö»ò¶à¸ö´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉϵÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½Ö¸¶¨³Ì¶Èʱ£¬Ëü»áÏòϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±·¢Ë͵ç×ÓÓʼþ¡£ÒªÊ¹Óøù¤¾ß£¬Äã±ØÐë°²×°ÁË diskcheck RPM Èí¼þ°ü¡£

    ¸Ã¹¤¾ß×÷ΪÿСʱ cronÈÎÎñÔËÐС£

    ÒÔϱäÁ¿¿ÉÒÔÔÚ /etc/diskcheck.conf ÎļþÖỶ¨Ò壺

    defaultCutoff -- µ±´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½Õâ¸ö°Ù·Ö±È£¬Ëü¾Í»á±»±¨¸æ¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û defaultCutoff = 90 ±»Ö¸¶¨£¬´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½ 90%£¬ µç×ÓÓʼþ¾Í»á±»¼Ä³ö¡£

    cutoff[ /dev/partition ] -- ³¬Ô½·ÖÇøµÄ defaultCutoff ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û cutoff['/dev/hda3'] = 50 ±»Ö¸¶¨£¬µ± /dev/hda3 ·ÖÇøµÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½ 50%£¬ diskcheck ¾Í»á¾¯¸æϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¡£

    cutoff[ /mountpoint ] -- ³¬Ô½¹ÒÔصãµÄ defaultCutoff ¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û cutoff['/home'] = 50 ±»Ö¸¶¨£¬µ± /home ¹ÒÔصãµÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½ 50%£¬ diskcheck ¾Í»á¾¯¸æϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¡£

    exclude -- Ö¸¶¨ diskcheck ÒªºöÂÔµÄÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸ö·ÖÇø¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û exclude = "/dev/sda2 /dev/sda4" ±»Ö¸¶¨£¬ÔÚ /dev/sda2 »ò /dev/sda4 µÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½Ö¸¶¨µÄÇжϰٷֱȵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ diskcheck ½«²»»á¾¯¸æϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¡£

    ignore -- Ö¸¶¨ÒªºöÂÔµÄÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÎļþϵͳ£¬¸ñʽΪ -x filesystem-type ¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û ignore = "-x nfs -x iso9660" ±»Ö¸¶¨ÁË£¬ÔÚ nfs »ò iso9660 ÎļþϵͳµÄÓÃÁ¿´ïµ½ÏÞÖÆʱ£¬ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÔ±½«²»»á±»¾¯¸æ¡£

    mailTo -- µ±·ÖÇø»ò¹ÒÔصã´ïµ½ÏÞÖÆʱ£¬ÒªÏòϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±·¢³ö¾¯¸æµÄµç×ÓÓʼþµØÖ·¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û mailTo = "webmaster@example.com" ±»Ö¸¶¨ÁË£¬¾¯¸æ¾Í»á±»Óʼĸø webmaster@example.com¡£

    mailFrom -- Ö¸¶¨µç×ÓÓʼþ¼Ä·¢ÕßµÄÉí·Ý¡£ÕâÓÐÖúÓÚϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±¹ýÂËÀ´×Ô diskcheck µÄÓʼþ¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û mailFrom = "Disk Usage Monitor" ±»Ö¸¶¨ÁË£¬·¢Ë͸øϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄµç×ÓÓʼþµÄ¼Ä·¢Õß¾ÍÊÇ¡°´ÅÅÌÓÃÁ¿¼à¿ØÆ÷¡±¡£

    mailProg -- Ö¸¶¨·¢Ë͵ç×ÓÓʼþ¾¯¸æҪʹÓõÄÓʼijÌÐò¡£Æ©È磬Èç¹û mailProg = "/usr/sbin/sendmail" ±»Ö¸¶¨ÁË£¬Sendmail ¾Í»á±»ÓÃ×÷ÓʼijÌÐò¡£

    Èç¹ûÄã¸Ä±äÁËÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬Äã²»±ØÖØÐÂÆô¶¯·þÎñ£¬ÒòΪÿ´Î cron ÈÎÎñÔËÐеÄʱºò¶¼»áÖضÁ¸ÃÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£Äã±ØÐëÔËÐÐ crond ·þÎñ²ÅÄÜÖ´ÐÐ cron ÈÎÎñ¡£ÒªÅж¨¸ÃÊØ»¤½ø³ÌÊÇ·ñÔÚÔËÐУ¬Ê¹Óà /sbin/service crond status ÃüÁî¡£ÍƼöÄãÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±Æô¶¯¸Ã·þÎñ¡£¹ØÓÚÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ cron ·þÎñµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬Çë²ÎÔĵÚ14Õ ¡£



    26.4. Ó²¼þ
    Èç¹ûÄãÔÚÅäÖÃÓ²¼þʱÓöµ½ÎÊÌ⣬»òÕßÖ»ÊÇÏëÁ˽âÒ»ÏÂÄãµÄϵͳÖÐÓÐÄÄЩӲ¼þ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà Ӳ¼þä¯ÀÀÆ÷ ³ÌÐòÀ´ÏÔʾÄܱ»Ì½²âµ½µÄÓ²¼þ¡£ÒªÔÚ×ÀÃæ»·¾³ÏÂÆô¶¯¸Ã³ÌÐò£¬µã»÷ ¡¸Ö÷²Ëµ¥¡¹ => ¡¸ÏµÍ³¹¤¾ß¡¹ => ¡¸Ó²¼þä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡¹ £¬»òÔÚ shell ÌáʾϼüÈë hwbrowser ¡£Èçͼ 26-3 Ëùʾ£¬ËüÏÔʾÁËÄãµÄ¹âÅÌÉ豸¡¢ÈíÅÌ¡¢Ó²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ºÍËüÃǵķÖÇø¡¢ÍøÂçÉ豸¡¢Ö¸Ê¾É豸¡¢ÏµÍ³É豸¡¢ÒÔ¼°ÊÓƵ¿¨¡£µã»÷×ó²à²Ëµ¥ÉϵÄÀà±ðÃû³Æ£¬ÓйØÐÅÏ¢¾Í»á±»ÏÔʾ¡£


    ͼ 26-3. Ó²¼þä¯ÀÀÆ÷

    Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà lspci ÃüÁîÀ´ÁоÙËùÓÐµÄ PCI É豸¡£Ê¹Óà lspci -v ÃüÁîÀ´»ñµÃÏêϸµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬»òʹÓà lspci -vv ÃüÁîÀ´»ñµÃ¸üÏêϸµÄÊä³ö¡£

    Æ©È磬 lspci ÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔ±»ÓÃÀ´Åж¨ÏµÍ³ÊÓƵ¿¨µÄÖÆÔ쳧ÉÌ¡¢Ðͺš¢ÒÔ¼°ÄÚ´æ´óС£º

    01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc. MGA G400 AGP (rev 04) (prog-if 00 [VGA])
    Subsystem: Matrox Graphics, Inc. Millennium G400 Dual Head Max
    Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 16
    Memory at f4000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
    Memory at fcffc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
    Memory at fc000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8M]
    Expansion ROM at 80000000 [disabled] [size=64K]
    Capabilities: [dc] Power Management version 2
    Capabilities: [f0] AGP version 2.0

    Èç¹ûÄã²»ÖªµÀϵͳÍø¿¨µÄÖÆÔìÉÌ»òÐͺţ¬ lspci ¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúÄãÀ´Åж¨ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£

  2. 007 ÓÚ 2005-11-07 15:33:00·¢±í:

    ͼ 26-1. GNOME ϵͳ¼àÊÓÆ÷

    26.2. ÄÚ´æÓÃÁ¿
    free ÃüÁîÏÔʾϵͳµÄÎïÀíÄÚ´æºÍ½»»»ÇøµÄ×ÜÁ¿£¬ÒÔ¼°ÒÑʹÓõġ¢¿ÕÏеġ¢¹²ÏíµÄ¡¢ÔÚÄں˻º³åÄڵġ¢ºÍ±»»º´æµÄÄÚ´æÊýÁ¿¡£

    total used free shared buffers cached
    Mem: 256812 240668 16144 105176 50520 81848
    -/+ buffers/cache: 108300 148512
    Swap: 265032 780 264252

    free -m ÃüÁîÏÔʾµÄÐÅÏ¢ºÍÇ°ÃæÏàͬ£¬µ«ÊÇËüÒÔ MB Ϊµ¥Î»£¬±ãÓÚÔĶÁ¡£

    total used free shared buffers cached
    Mem: 250 235 15 102 49 79
    -/+ buffers/cache: 105 145
    Swap: 258 0 258

    Èç¹ûºÍ free Ïà±È£¬Äã¸üϲ»¶Ê¹ÓÃͼÐλ¯½çÃ棬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà GNOME ϵͳ¼àÊÓÆ÷ ¡£Òª´Ó×ÀÃæÉÏÆô¶¯Ëü£¬Ñ¡ÔñÃæ°åÉ쵀 ¡¸Ö÷²Ëµ¥¡¹ => ¡¸ÏµÍ³¹¤¾ß¡¹ => ¡¸ÏµÍ³¼àÊÓÆ÷¡¹ »òÔÚ X ´°¿ÚϵͳµÄ shell ÌáʾϼüÈë gnome-system-monitor ¡£È»ºóÑ¡Ôñ ¡¸½ø³ÌÁÐ±í¡¹ ±êÇ©¡£