[font=宋体]这是嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]PowerPC, ARM[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]MIPS[/font][font=宋体]系统中使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]DENX U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]的指导手册。[/font]
[font=宋体]文档中描述了如何在嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]PowerPC, ARM[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]MIPS[/font][font=宋体]系统上配置、编译、使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]Das U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]（常常缩写为“[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]”）和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]操作系统。[/font]
[font=宋体]本文档写于[/font][font=Times New Roman]2005[/font][font=宋体]年一月至四月四日十四点十五分。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]2. [/font][font=宋体]绪论[/font]
[font=宋体]本文档描述了如何在嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]PowerPC, ARM[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]MIPS[/font][font=宋体]系统上配置、编译、使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]操作系统。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]在这些过程中有太多的步骤，不可能面面俱到、非常深入，但我们会尽力提供所有必需的信息，能够让一个嵌入式系统运行。文档中涵盖了所有你可能需要的用于配置、编译、运行[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]的工具。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]首先，我们介绍如何安装交叉编译开发工具[/font][font=Times New Roman]Embedded Linux Development Kit(ELDK)[/font][font=宋体]，这个开发套件你很有可能会用到----至少当你在标准的[/font][font=Times New Roman]x86 PC[/font][font=宋体]上使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]Sun Solaris[/font][font=宋体]系统作为开发环境的时候，你会需要它的。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]然后，我们会阐述通过串口与你的目标板连接：你需要配置一个终端控制程序，如[/font][font=Times New Roman]cu[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]你常常需要通过网线把映像文件下载到你的目标板上。为了实现这个目的，你需要[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]DHCP/BOOTP[/font][font=宋体]服务器。文档中提供了简要的相关配置说明。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]接下来则是描述如何配置和编译[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]使之适用于某个特定的平台，以及如何安装和在该硬件平台上运行。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]下一步的工作是配置、建立和安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]。我们使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]SELF(Simple Embedded Linux Framework)[/font][font=宋体]来展示如何建立一个开发环境（包括通过[/font][font=Times New Roman]NFS[/font][font=宋体]挂载的根文件系统）和一个嵌入式目标板配置（从基于[/font][font=Times New Roman]busybox[/font][font=宋体]的[/font][font=Times New Roman]ramdisk[/font][font=宋体]映像文件中运行）。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]本文档不会给出如何把[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]移植到一个新的硬件平台，而是默认你的开发板已经被[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]所支持。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]本文档的侧重点是针对[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]开发板。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]本手册各种文档格式的最新版本可以从以下网址获取：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]HTMLhttp://www.denx.de/twiki/publish/DULG/DULG-tqm8xxl.html [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]PDF http://www.denx.de/twiki/publish/DULG/DULG-tqm8xxl.pdf[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]3. [/font][font=宋体]嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]开发工具套件[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]开发工具套件[/font][font=Times New Roman](ELDK)[/font][font=宋体]包括[/font][font=Times New Roman]GNU[/font][font=宋体]交叉开发工具，如编译器、[/font][font=Times New Roman]binutils[/font][font=宋体]、[/font][font=Times New Roman]gdb[/font][font=宋体]等工具，和一些已经编译好的目标工具以及负责提供在目标平台上函数调用的库文件。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]还免费提供了所有的源代码，包括全部补丁、扩展文件、以及用于编译开发工具使用的程序和脚本。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]安装包都是基于[/font][font=Times New Roman]RPM[/font][font=宋体]包管理器。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]3.1 [/font][font=宋体]获取[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDK[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]可以通过以下方式获得[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDK[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]?DENX[/font][font=宋体]计算机系统光盘[/font]
[font=宋体]?[/font][font=宋体]从以下服务器中下载[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]FTP[/font][font=宋体]方式[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/eldk/eldk/ [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ftp://sunsite.utk.edu/pub/linux/eldk/ ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/Linux/distributions/eldk/ [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/eldk/ [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]HTTP[/font][font=宋体]方式[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/eldk/eldk/[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]http://ftp.sunet.se/pub/Linux/distributions/eldk/[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/unix/linux/eldk/[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]3.2 [/font][font=宋体]初始安装[/font]
[font=宋体]初始安装可以使用放在ELDK目录树根目录下的安装工具。安装工具使用语法如下；[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ ./install [-d
[font=Times New Roman]-d
[font=Times New Roman]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]你也可以把[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDK[/font][font=宋体]安装到任何空目录下，这么做的唯一条件是你有那个目录的写和执行权限。安装过程并不需要超级用户的特权。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]由安装时的参数决定安装几个目标组件集合。[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDT[/font][font=宋体]包是肯定会安装的。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]4. [/font][font=宋体]系统设置[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]在目标平台上安装和配置[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]需要一些工具。特别是在开发过程中，你需要和目标平台保持联系。这一节将告诉你如何配置你的主机以达到上述目的。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]4.1 [/font][font=宋体]设置串口[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]为了更好地使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]，你需要通过串口将目标板和你的主机连接。[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]可以配置成自动执行而不需要任何用户的干涉。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]通过串口有很多种方法来控制你的目标板，比如说使用终端服务器。不过最常见的做法是使用你本机的串口，这时，你主机需要安装一个终端程序，如[/font][font=Times New Roman]cu[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]4.2 [/font][font=宋体]配置“[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]”[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]这个名字就代表了它是连接串口和网络的通信软件。事实上在很多计算机和操作系统上使用它，能够很好地满足我们的目的。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]在执行其它命令之前，会执行你的用户目录下的初始文件[/font][font=Times New Roman].kermrc[/font][font=宋体]，所以可以非常简单的通过初始化命令来定制[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]。下面是使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]时推荐配置：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]~/.kermrc: [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set line /dev/ttyS0[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set speed 115200[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set carrier-watch off[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set handshake none[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set flow-control none[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]robust[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set file type bin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set file name lit[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set rec pack 1000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set send pack 1000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]set window 5[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][/font]
[font=宋体]这个设置假定你使用的是主机第一个串口（[/font][font=Times New Roman]/dev/ttyS0[/font][font=宋体]），以[/font][font=Times New Roman]115200[/font][font=宋体]这个波特率与目标板的串口连接。[/font]
[font=宋体]然后你可以连接目标板了：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ kermit -c[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Connecting to /dev/ttyS0, speed 115200.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Type the escape character followed by C to get back,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]or followed by ? to see other options.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]----------------------------------------------------[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][/font]
[font=宋体]下载[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]这个软件时，你会发现有两个[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]包。你只需要安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]ckermit[/font][font=宋体]。其中[/font][font=Times New Roman]gkermit[/font][font=宋体]仅仅是实现[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]传输协议的一个命令行工具。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]如果你主机上的[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]系统没有安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]，你可以到[/font][font=Times New Roman]kerimt[/font][font=宋体]的官方网站[/font][font=Times New Roman] http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ [/font][font=宋体]下载。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]4.3 [/font][font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]minicom[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] minicom[/font][font=宋体]是另外一种非常流行的串口通信终端。很遗憾的是，很多用户发现在使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]时，[/font][font=Times New Roman]minicom[/font][font=宋体]有很多问题，尤其是试图使用它来下载[/font][font=Times New Roman]image[/font][font=宋体]的时候。因此，不推荐大家使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]minicom[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=宋体]（译者注：我使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]minicom[/font][font=宋体]也工作的很好，没有碰到什么问题。）[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]4.4 [/font][font=宋体]配置[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]服务器[/font]
[font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]下载[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]内核或者应用程序的最快捷的方法是通过网络传输。为了这一目的，[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]实现了[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]协议（参见[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]中的[/font][font=Times New Roman]tftpboot[/font][font=宋体]命令）。[/font]
[font=宋体]为了使主机支持[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]，你必须确保[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]后台程序[/font][font=Times New Roman]/usr/sbin/in.tftpd[/font][font=宋体]已经安装。在[/font][font=Times New Roman]RedHat[/font][font=宋体]系统中，你可以运行下面的命令来确认：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ rpm -q tftp-server[/font]
[font=宋体]如果没有安装，请从你的[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]安装盘或者其它媒介安装。[/font]
[font=宋体]大多数的[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]发行版都默认关闭[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]服务。以[/font][font=Times New Roman]RedHat[/font][font=宋体]系统为例，如果要使能[/font][font=Times New Roman]TFTP[/font][font=宋体]服务，编辑文件[/font][font=Times New Roman]/etc/xinetd.d/tftp[/font][font=宋体]，移除这一行：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]disable = yes[/font]
[font=宋体]或者注释掉它：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]# default: off[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]service tftp[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]{[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] socket_type = dgram[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] protocol = udp[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] wait = yes[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] user = root[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] server_args = -s /tftpboot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]# disable = yes[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] per_source = 11[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] cps = 100 2[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]}[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][/font]
[font=宋体]此外，确保[/font][font=Times New Roman]/tftpboot[/font][font=宋体]目录存在，而且有访问权限（至少应该[/font][font=Times New Roman]"dr-xr-xr-x"[/font][font=宋体]）。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5. Das U-Boot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.1 [/font][font=宋体]当前版本[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Das U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]（或者简称“[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]”）是针对嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]PowerPC, ARM, MIPS[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]x86[/font][font=宋体]处理器的开放源代码软件。[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]项目已经在[/font][font=Times New Roman]Sourceforge[/font][font=宋体]设立，你可以访问这个官方网站：[/font][font=Times New Roman]http://sourceforge.net/projects/u-boot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]最新版的源代码可以在[/font][font=Times New Roman]Sourcefoge[/font][font=宋体]通过匿名[/font][font=Times New Roman]CVS[/font][font=宋体]得到。当要求输入匿名用户[/font][font=Times New Roman]anonymous[/font][font=宋体]的密码时只需要直接按下回车键。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/u-boot login[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ cvs -z6 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/u-boot \[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]co -P u-boot[/font]
[font=宋体]官方发布的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]也可以通过[/font][font=Times New Roman]FTP[/font][font=宋体]方式获取。你可以到[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/[/font]
[font=宋体]下载[/font][font=Times New Roman]tar[/font][font=宋体]形式的压缩包。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.2 [/font][font=宋体]源代码包的解压[/font]
[font=宋体]如果你是通过[/font][font=Times New Roman]CVS[/font][font=宋体]得到的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]源代码，你可以跳过这一步，因为你得到的已经是解压后的目录树了。如果你是从[/font][font=Times New Roman]FTP[/font][font=宋体]服务器上下载的[/font][font=Times New Roman]tar[/font][font=宋体]压缩包，那么你需要按照以下步骤解压：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ cd /opt/eldk/usr/src[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ wgetftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/u-boot-0.4.5.tar.bz2[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ rm -f u-boot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ bunzip2 < u-boot-0.4.5.tar.bz2 | tar xf -[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ ln -s u-boot-0.4.5 u-boot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ cd u-boot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.3 [/font][font=宋体]配置[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]进入[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]源代码根目录后，可以先使用如下命令确保已经清除以前编译的结果：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ make distclean[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]下一步是为[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]板配置[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ make tqm8xxl_config[/font]
[font=宋体]（译者注：应该根据你自己的具体开发板配置，如[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] $ make
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]最后我们可以开始编译[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]了：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ make all[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.4 [/font][font=宋体]安装[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.4.1 [/font][font=宋体]动手之前[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.4.1.1 [/font][font=宋体]安装所需[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]以下的章节假定你的开发板使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]flash[/font][font=宋体]作为存储设备。如果不是，则以下的指令不会工作。如果你想使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]，需要换掉存储设备。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.4.1.2 [/font][font=宋体]开发板识别数据[/font]
[font=宋体]所有的[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]开发板使用一个序列号加以识别。而且开发板需要分配一个以太网[/font][font=Times New Roman]MAC[/font][font=宋体]地址。如果这些数据丢失，你可能会失去授权。在安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]或者改变开发板的配置之前，你需要搜集足够的信息。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.4.2 [/font][font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]BDM/JTAG[/font][font=宋体]调试器安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot.bin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]把数据烧入[/font][font=Times New Roman]flash[/font][font=宋体]中的一个简单而又快速的办法是通过[/font][font=Times New Roman]BDM[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]JTAG[/font][font=宋体]接口的调试器或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]flash[/font][font=宋体]烧写器。当[/font][font=Times New Roman]flash[/font][font=宋体]中没有任何数据（比如说一块新的开发板），这种方法是唯一的选择。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]我们（强烈推荐）使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]Abatron[/font][font=宋体]公司的[/font][font=Times New Roman]BDI2000[/font][font=宋体]（见[/font][font=Times New Roman]http://www.abatron.ch/BDI/bdiGDB.html[/font][font=Times New Roman] )[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]其它的[/font][font=Times New Roman]BDM/JTAG[/font][font=宋体]调试器也可以使用，但是如何操作它们不是本文档要讨论的范围。如果你想使用别的工具请参照它们的说明文档。[/font]
[font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]译者注：我没有使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]BDI2000[/font][font=宋体]，故略去操作[/font][font=Times New Roman]BDI2000[/font][font=宋体]的方法。我烧写[/font][font=Times New Roman]u-boot.bin[/font][font=宋体]就是简单地通过[/font][font=Times New Roman]JTAG[/font][font=宋体]口。甚至我烧写[/font][font=Times New Roman]800[/font][font=宋体]多[/font][font=Times New Roman]k[/font][font=宋体]的[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]内核都是用[/font][font=Times New Roman]JTAG[/font][font=宋体]，只要你不嫌慢。）[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.4.3 [/font][font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot.bin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]如果[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]已经在你的板子上安装运行，你可以使用这些命令来下载新的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]映像来代替当前的。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]警告：在你安装新的映像之前，你必须擦除当前的[/font][font=Times New Roman]u-boot.bin[/font][font=宋体]。如果出现什么差错，你的开发板将不能运行。因此强烈建议：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]做一个能工作的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]映像文件的备份；[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]你清楚如何在一个新的开发板上安装[/font][font=Times New Roman]u-boot.bin[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]过程如下：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> tftp 100000 /tftpboot/uboot.bin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ARP broadcast 1[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]TFTP from server 10.0.0.2; our IP address is 10.0.0.100[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Filename ''''/tftpboot/uboot.bin''''.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Load address: 0x100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Loading: ###############################[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Bytes transferred = 155376 (25ef0 hex)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> protect off 40000000 4003FFFF[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Un-Protected 5 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> era 40000000 4003FFFF[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Erase Flash from 0x40000000 to 0x4003ffff[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]......... done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Erased 5 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> cp.b 100000 40000000 $(filesize)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Copy to Flash... done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> setenv filesize[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> saveenv[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Saving Enviroment to Flash...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Un-Protected 1 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Erasing Flash...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman].. done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Erased 1 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Writing to Flash... done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Protected 1 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> reset[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.5 [/font][font=宋体]工具的安装[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]加载[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]内核、[/font][font=Times New Roman]Ramdisk[/font][font=宋体]或者其它映像时使用一种特殊的映像格式。这种格式包含了一些信息，如创建时间、操作系统、压缩格式、映像类型、映像名和[/font][font=Times New Roman]CRC32[/font][font=宋体]校验和。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] mkimage[/font][font=宋体]用来创建这种格式的映像文件或者显示它包含的信息。如果使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDK[/font][font=宋体]，那么[/font][font=Times New Roman]mkimage[/font][font=宋体]这个命令已经包含在[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDK[/font][font=宋体]中。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]如果你不想使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]ELDK[/font][font=宋体]，你应该把[/font][font=Times New Roman]mkimage[/font][font=宋体]安装在某个能够直接执行的目录里，比如：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]$ cp tools/mkimage /usr/local/bin/[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.6 [/font][font=宋体]初始化[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]初始化你的[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]板上的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]，你需要通过终端连接板子的串口。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]板的串口默认配置是波特率为[/font][font=Times New Roman]115200/8N1(115200bps[/font][font=宋体]，每个字符[/font][font=Times New Roman]8bit[/font][font=宋体]，无奇偶校验，[/font][font=Times New Roman]1bit[/font][font=宋体]停止位，无握手[/font][font=Times New Roman])[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]如果你的主机是[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]操作系统，我们建议你用[/font][font=Times New Roman]kermit[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]cu[/font][font=宋体]作为终端控制程序。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]确定硬件和软件控制流都已经关闭。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.7 [/font][font=宋体]开始的步骤[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]在默认配置中，[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]运行在一种互动模式，它通过串口“[/font][font=Times New Roman]COM.1(X.18)[/font][font=宋体]”提供命令行形式的用户接口。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]这意味着[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]显示一个提示符[/font][font=Times New Roman]([/font][font=宋体]默认是：[/font][font=Times New Roman]=>)[/font][font=宋体]，等待着接受用户的输入。然后你输入一个命令，按下回车键。[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]将运行这个命令，然后又出现提示符等待下一条命令。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]你可以使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]help[/font][font=宋体]（或者简单地一个[/font][font=Times New Roman]?[/font][font=宋体]）来查看所有的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]命令。它将会列出在你当前配置下所有支持的命令。[/font][font=Times New Roman][[/font][font=宋体]请注意到尽管[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]提供了很多配置选项，并不是所有选项都支持各种处理器和开发板，有些选项可能在你的配置中并没有被选上。[/font][font=Times New Roman]][/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]askenv - get environment variables from stdin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]autoscr - run script from memory[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]base - print or set address offset[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]bdinfo - print Board Info structure[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]bootm - boot application image from memory[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]bootd - boot default, i.e., run ''''bootcmd''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]cmp - memory compare[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]coninfo - print console devices and informations[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]cp - memory copy[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]crc32 - checksum calculation[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]date - get/set/reset date & time[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]dhcp - invoke DHCP client to obtain IP/boot params[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]diskboot- boot from IDE device[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]echo - echo args to console[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]erase - erase FLASH memory[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]flinfo - print FLASH memory information[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]go - start application at address ''''addr''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]help - print online help[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ide - IDE sub-system[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]iminfo - print header information for application image[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]loads - load S-Record file over serial line[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]loop - infinite loop on address range[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]md - memory display[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]mtest - simple RAM test[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]mw - memory write (fill)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]nm - memory modify (constant address)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]printenv- print environment variables[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]reset - Perform RESET of the CPU[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]run - run commands in an environment variable[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]setenv - set environment variables[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]sleep - delay execution for some time[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] and env variables ipaddr and serverip[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]version - print monitor version[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]? - alias for ''''help''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]help
[font=Times New Roman]=> help tftpboot[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]tftpboot [loadAddress] [bootfilename][/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help setenv printenv[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]setenv name value ...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - set environment variable ''''name'''' to ''''value ...''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]setenv name[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - delete environment variable ''''name''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]printenv[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print values of all environment variables[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]printenv name ...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print value of environment variable ''''name''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=宋体]大多数命令可以缩写，只要字符串的内容仍然可以被确定：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help fli tftp[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]flinfo[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print information for all FLASH memory banks[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]flinfo N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print information for FLASH memory bank # N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]tftpboot [loadAddress] [bootfilename][/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.8 [/font][font=宋体]首次上电[/font]
[font=宋体]注意：如果你购买的[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]板已经安装了[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]，你可以跳过这节，因为制造商已经完成这些步骤了。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]把主机指定的串口和在[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]板上标有“[/font][font=Times New Roman]COM.1(X.18)[/font][font=宋体]”的端口连接，运行终端程序，给[/font][font=Times New Roman]TQM8xxL[/font][font=宋体]板接上电源。你可以看到如下信息：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Connecting to /dev/ttyS1, speed 115200.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Type the escape character followed by C to get back,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]or followed by ? to see other options.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]----------------------------------------------------[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]PPCBoot 1.1.5 (Mar 21 2002 - 19:55:04)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]CPU: XPC860xxZPnnD3 at 50 MHz: 16 kB I-Cache 8 kB D-Cache FEC present[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Board: TQM860LDDBA3-P50.203[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]DRAM: 64 MB[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]FLASH: 8 MB[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]In: serial[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Out: serial[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Err: serial[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]PCMCIA: No Card found[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Type "run flash_nfs" to mount root filesystem over NFS[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=宋体]你可以按下任意键来中止倒计数。如果你不那么做，你可能会看到一些（无关紧要的）错误，因为系统没有初始化。[/font]
[font=宋体]有时你可能会看到一种信息：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]这条信息没有害处，只要你初始化和保存环境变量之后，它就不会出现了。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]首先，你必须输入你的开发板的序列号和网卡地址。需要特别注意的是，这些参数是写保护的，一旦保存了就无法改变（通常制造商已经设置好了）。使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]的[/font][font=Times New Roman]setenv[/font][font=宋体]命令可以输入数据，命令后面跟上变量名和值，参数之间用空格（或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]Tab[/font][font=宋体]符）隔开。例如，使用变量名[/font][font=Times New Roman]serial#[/font][font=宋体]设置开发板的[/font][font=Times New Roman]ID[/font][font=宋体]或者说序列号，变量名[/font][font=Times New Roman]ethaddr[/font][font=宋体]用于设置以太网地址：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> setenv serial# TQM860LDB0A3-P.200 10061684 4[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> setenv ethaddr 00:D0:93:00:05:B5[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]printenv[/font][font=宋体]确认你已经输入正确的值：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> printenv serial# ethaddr[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]serial#=TQM860LDDBA3-P50.203 10226122 4[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]ethaddr=00:D0:93:00:28:81[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]请仔细核查显示值是否正确！等保存之后你将不能更正任何错误。如果发现错误，请重新启动开发板。如果检查无误，你可以使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]saveenv[/font][font=宋体]命令永久保存这些参数。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> saveenv[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Saving Enviroment to Flash...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Un-Protected 1 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Erasing Flash...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]. done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Erased 1 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Writing to Flash... done[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Protected 1 sectors[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9 U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]命令介绍[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]这一节将介绍[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]中最重要的指令。[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]可配置性非常强，所以并不是所有的命令都已经在你的硬件平台上安装，此外可能也有这儿没提到的命令。你可以使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]help[/font][font=宋体]命令来显示根据你的配置所有可用的命令列表。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]对于大多数命令，你不必打全这些命令，只需输入一些字符足以。比如，[/font][font=Times New Roman]help[/font][font=宋体]可以简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]h[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]一些命令的执行依赖于[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]的配置以及[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]中一些环境变量的定义。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]所有的[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]命令都把输入的数字当作十六进制的格式。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]不要使用除了退格键之外的其它编辑键，因为在诸如环境变量中隐藏的字符是很难被发现的。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.1 [/font][font=宋体]信息类命令[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.1.1 bdinfo - [/font][font=宋体]显示开发板信息[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help bdinfo[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]bdinfo - No help available.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] bdinfo[/font][font=宋体]命令（简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]bdi[/font][font=宋体]）将在终端显示诸如内存地址和大小、时钟频率、[/font][font=Times New Roman]MAC[/font][font=宋体]地址等信息。这些信息在传递给[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]内核一些参数时会用到。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> bdi[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]memstart = 0x00000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]memsize = 0x04000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]flashstart = 0x40000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]flashsize = 0x00800000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]flashoffset = 0x00030000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]sramstart = 0x00000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]sramsize = 0x00000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]immr_base = 0xFFF00000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]bootflags = 0x00000001[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]intfreq = 50 MHz[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]busfreq = 50 MHz[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]ethaddr = 00:D0:93:00:28:81[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]IP addr = 10.0.0.99[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]baudrate = 115200 bps[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.1.2 coninfo - [/font][font=宋体]显示控制台设备和信息[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help conin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]coninfo[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]coninfo[/font][font=宋体]命令[/font][font=Times New Roman] ([/font][font=宋体]简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]conin) [/font][font=宋体]显示可用的控制[/font][font=Times New Roman]I/O[/font][font=宋体]设备信息。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> conin[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]List of available devices:[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]serial 80000003 SIO stdin stdout stderr[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]输出包括了设备名、标识和当前使用情况。以此为例：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]serial 80000003 SIO stdin stdout stderr[/font]
[font=宋体]这个输出结果意为串口设备是一个系统设备（标志‘[/font][font=Times New Roman]S[/font][font=宋体]’），它提供输入（标志‘[/font][font=Times New Roman]I[/font][font=宋体]’）和输出（标志‘[/font][font=Times New Roman]O[/font][font=宋体]’）功能，而且当前已经指派给[/font][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]个标准[/font][font=Times New Roman]I/O[/font][font=宋体]流：[/font][font=Times New Roman]tdin[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman]stdout [/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]stderr[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.1.3 flinfo - [/font][font=宋体]显示[/font][font=Times New Roman]Flash[/font][font=宋体]存储信息[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help flinfo[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]flinfo[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print information for all FLASH memory banks[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]flinfo N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print information for FLASH memory bank # N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]flinfo[/font][font=宋体]命令[/font][font=Times New Roman] ([/font][font=宋体]简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]fli) [/font][font=宋体]用于获取可用的[/font][font=Times New Roman]flash[/font][font=宋体]存储信息（参见后面的[/font][font=Times New Roman]Flash[/font][font=宋体]存储命令）。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> fli[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]Bank # 1: FUJITSU AM29LV160B (16 Mbit, bottom boot sect)[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Size: 4 MB in 35 Sectors[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Sector Start Addresses:[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40000000 (RO) 40008000 (RO) 4000C000 (RO) 40010000 (RO) 40020000 (RO)[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40040000 40060000 40080000 400A0000 400C0000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 400E0000 40100000 40120000 40140000 40160000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40180000 401A0000 401C0000 401E0000 40200000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40220000 40240000 40260000 40280000 402A0000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 402C0000 402E0000 40300000 40320000 40340000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40360000 40380000 403A0000 403C0000 403E0000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]Bank # 2: FUJITSU AM29LV160B (16 Mbit, bottom boot sect)[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Size: 4 MB in 35 Sectors[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Sector Start Addresses:[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40400000 40408000 4040C000 40410000 40420000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40440000 40460000 40480000 404A0000 404C0000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 404E0000 40500000 40520000 40540000 40560000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40580000 405A0000 405C0000 405E0000 40600000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40620000 40640000 40660000 40680000 406A0000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 406C0000 406E0000 40700000 40720000 40740000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] 40760000 40780000 407A0000 407C0000 407E0000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.1.4 iminfo - [/font][font=宋体]显示映像文件头部信息[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help iminfo[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]iminfo addr [addr ...][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print header information for application image starting at[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] address ''''addr'''' in memory; this includes verification of the[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] image contents (magic number, header and payload checksums)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]iminfo ([/font][font=宋体]简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]imi) [/font][font=宋体]用于显示像[/font][font=Times New Roman]Linux[/font][font=宋体]内核或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]ramdisk[/font][font=宋体]之类的映像文件的头部信息。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]它显示映像名、类型、大小以及[/font][font=Times New Roman]CRC32[/font][font=宋体]校验和以验证文件没问题。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> imi 100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]## Checking Image at 00100000 ...[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Image Name: Linux-2.4.4[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Created: 2002-04-07 21:31:59 UTC[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Data Size: 605429 Bytes = 591 kB = 0 MB[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Load Address: 00000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Entry Point: 00000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] Verifying Checksum ... OK[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]跟其它很多命令一样，[/font][font=Times New Roman]imi[/font][font=宋体]命令的精确操作可由[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]的一些环境变量控制（这儿的是变量[/font][font=Times New Roman]verify[/font][font=宋体]）。参见后面的详细介绍。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.1.5 help - [/font][font=宋体]显示在线帮助[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help help[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]help [command ...][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - show help information (for ''''command'''')[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]''''help'''' prints online help for the monitor commands.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Without arguments, it prints a short usage message for all commands.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]To get detailed help information for specific commands you can type[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]''''help'''' with one or more command names as arguments.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] help[/font][font=宋体]指令（简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]h[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]?[/font][font=宋体]）显示在线帮助。如果不加任何参数，它会打印出所有当前[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]可用命令列表。你可以把某一指令名作为[/font][font=Times New Roman]help[/font][font=宋体]的参数来获得这一命令的具体信息。比如：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help protect[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect on start end[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - protect FLASH from addr ''''start'''' to addr ''''end''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect on N:SF[-SL][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - protect sectors SF-SL in FLASH bank # N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect on bank N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - protect FLASH bank # N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect on all[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - protect all FLASH banks[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect off start end[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - make FLASH from addr ''''start'''' to addr ''''end'''' writable[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect off N:SF[-SL][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - make sectors SF-SL writable in FLASH bank # N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect off bank N[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - make FLASH bank # N writable[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]protect off all[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - make all FLASH banks writable[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2 [/font][font=宋体]存储类指令[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.1 base - [/font][font=宋体]显示或者设置地址偏移[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help base[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]base[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - print address offset for memory commands[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]base off[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - set address offset for memory commands to ''''off''''[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]你可以使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]base[/font][font=宋体]命令（简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]ba[/font][font=宋体]）来显示或者设置一个“基地址”作为所有存储类命令的地址偏移值。默认的基址是[/font][font=Times New Roman]0[/font][font=宋体]，所以你输入的所有地址都是实地址。但是，当你重复访问某一特定存储区域（如一些嵌入式[/font][font=Times New Roman]PowerPc[/font][font=宋体]处理器的内存）时，如果设置此区域的开始地址作为基址，只需使用偏移地址，这将非常简便：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> base[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]Base Address: 0x00000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md 0 c[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00000000: feffffff 00000000 7cbd2b78 7cdc3378 ........|.+x|.3x[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00000010: 3cfb3b78 3b000000 7c0002e4 39000000 <.;x;...|...9...[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00000020: 7d1043a6 3d000400 7918c3a6 3d00c000 }.C.=...y...=...[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> base 40000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]Base Address: 0x40000000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md 0 c[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]40000000: 27051956 50504342 6f6f7420 312e312e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]40000010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]40000020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.2 crc32 - [/font][font=宋体]校验和计算[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]crc32[/font][font=宋体]（简写为[/font][font=Times New Roman]crc[/font][font=宋体]）用来计算在某一范围内存储区域的[/font][font=Times New Roman]CRC32[/font][font=宋体]校验和。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> crc 100004 3FC[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]CRC32 for 00100004 ... 001003ff ==> d433b05b[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]当后面加了[/font][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]个参数时，此命令会把计算结果保存在给定存储地址内。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> crc 100004 3FC 100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]CRC32 for 00100004 ... 001003ff ==> d433b05b[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 4[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: d433b05b ec3827e4 3cb0bacf 00093cf5 .3.[.8''''.<.....<.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]可以看到，[/font][font=Times New Roman]CRC32[/font][font=宋体]的校验和不仅显示出来了，还存储在地址为[/font][font=Times New Roman]0x10000000[/font][font=宋体]的存储单元里。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.3 cmp - [/font][font=宋体]存储单元比较[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help cmp[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]cmp [.b, .w, .l] addr1 addr2 count[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - compare memory[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]cmp[/font][font=宋体]命令你可以比较两个存储区域的内容是否一致。这个命令不仅可以测试由第[/font][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]个参数确定的整个区域，还可以在第一个不同的地方停下来。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> cmp 100000 40000000 400[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]word at 0x00100004 (0x50ff4342) != word at 0x40000004 (0x50504342)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Total of 1 word were the same[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 C[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 27051956 50ff4342 6f6f7420 312e312e ''''..VP.CBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md 40000000 C[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]40000000: 27051956 50504342 6f6f7420 312e312e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]40000010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]40000020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]跟很多的存储类命令一样，[/font][font=Times New Roman]cmp[/font][font=宋体]可以采用不同的长度访问存储器：可以是[/font][font=Times New Roman]32bit[/font][font=宋体]（长字），[/font][font=Times New Roman]16bit([/font][font=宋体]字[/font][font=Times New Roman])[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]8bit[/font][font=宋体]（字节）数据。默认使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]32bit[/font][font=宋体]，或者使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]cmp.l[/font][font=宋体]代替，结果是一样的。如果你想以[/font][font=Times New Roman]16bit[/font][font=宋体]或者字数据访问存储器，你可以用[/font][font=Times New Roman]cmp.w[/font][font=宋体]代替；如果是[/font][font=Times New Roman]8bit[/font][font=宋体]或者字节数据，请用[/font][font=Times New Roman]cmp.b[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]必须注意到计数参数确定了需要被处理的数据的总长度，也就是有多少长字、字或者字节需要被比较。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> cmp.l 100000 40000000 400[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]word at 0x00100004 (0x50ff4342) != word at 0x40000004 (0x50504342)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Total of 1 word were the same[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> cmp.w 100000 40000000 800[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]halfword at 0x00100004 (0x50ff) != halfword at 0x40000004 (0x5050)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Total of 2 halfwords were the same[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> cmp.b 100000 40000000 1000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]byte at 0x00100005 (0xff) != byte at 0x40000005 (0x50)[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Total of 5 bytes were the same[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.4 cp - [/font][font=宋体]存储器拷贝[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help cp[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - copy memory[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] cp[/font][font=宋体]用来复制存储单元。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> cp 40000000 100000 10000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] cp [/font][font=宋体]可以使用类型标识符[/font][font=Times New Roman] .l , .w[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman].b[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.5 md - [/font][font=宋体]显示存储单元内容[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help md[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]md [.b, .w, .l] address [# of objects][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - memory display[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] md[/font][font=宋体]采用十六进制和[/font][font=Times New Roman]ASCII[/font][font=宋体]码两种形式来显示存储单元的内容。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md 100000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 27051956 50504342 6f6f7420 312e312e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100030: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100040: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100050: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100060: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100070: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100080: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100090: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001000a0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001000b0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001000c0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001000d0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001000e0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001000f0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100100: 3c60fff0 7c7e9ba6 3aa00001 4800000c <`..|~..:...H...[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100110: 3aa00002 48000004 38601002 7c600124 :...H...8`..|`.$[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100120: 7c7b03a6 7c7422a6 7c000278 7c1c23a6 |{..|t".|..x|.#.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100130: 7c1d23a6 7c1623a6 7c1723a6 7c708aa6 |.#.|.#.|.#.|p..[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100140: 7c788aa6 3c600a00 7c708ba6 7c788ba6 |x..<`..|p..|x..[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100150: 3c600c00 7c708ba6 7c788ba6 3c600400 <`..|p..|x..<`..[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100160: 7c788ba6 3c600200 7c708ba6 7c0002e4 |x..<`..|p..|...[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100170: 4c00012c 3c604000 60630000 38630188 L..,<`@.`c..8c..[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100180: 7c6803a6 4e800020 3c60fff0 60612ec0 |h..N.. <`..`a..[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100190: 9401fffc 9401fffc 38400007 7c5e23a6 ........8@..|^#.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001001a0: 3c400000 60420000 7c5523a6 48000005 <@..`B..|U#.H...[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001001b0: 7dc802a6 800e22bc 7dc07214 48019d41 }.....".}.r.H..A[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001001c0: 7ea3ab78 4800c05d 00000000 00000000 ~..xH..]........[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001001d0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001001e0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]001001f0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]这条命令同样可以采用类型标识符[/font][font=Times New Roman] .l, .w[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman].b [/font][font=宋体]：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md.w 100000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 2705 1956 5050 4342 6f6f 7420 312e 312e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 3520 284d 6172 2032 3120 3230 3032 202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100020: 2031 393a 3535 3a30 3429 0000 0000 0000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md.b 100000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 27 05 19 56 50 50 43 42 6f 6f 74 20 31 2e 31 2e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 35 20 28 4d 61 72 20 32 31 20 32 30 30 32 20 2d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100020: 20 31 39 3a 35 35 3a 30 34 29 00 00 00 00 00 00 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]上次显示的存储单元地址和计数参数值会被记忆，所以你可以不加任何参数仅仅输入[/font][font=Times New Roman]md[/font][font=宋体]，它将会自动地显示下一个地址，使用相同的计数参数：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md.b 100000 20[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 27 05 19 56 50 50 43 42 6f 6f 74 20 31 2e 31 2e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 35 20 28 4d 61 72 20 32 31 20 32 30 30 32 20 2d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md.w 100000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 2705 1956 5050 4342 6f6f 7420 312e 312e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 3520 284d 6172 2032 3120 3230 3032 202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100020: 2031 393a 3535 3a30 3429 0000 0000 0000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=> md 100000[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100000: 27051956 50504342 6f6f7420 312e312e ''''..VPPCBoot 1.1.[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100030: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100040: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100050: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100060: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00100070: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]=>[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.6 mm - [/font][font=宋体]存储单元修正（自动增长）[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help md[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]md [.b, .w, .l] address [# of objects][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - memory display[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] mm[/font][font=宋体]提供了一种互动修改存储器内容的方法。它将会显示地址和当前值，然后提示用户输入。如果你输入了一个合法的十六进制数，这个新的值将会被写入该地址。然后提示下一个地址。如果你没有输入任何值，只是按了一下回车，那么该地址的内容保持不变。只要你输入任意非十六进制的数据（比如说[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]），此命令就立刻结束。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mm 100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 27051956 ? 0[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100004: 50504342 ? AABBCCDD[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100008: 6f6f7420 ? 01234567[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]0010000c: 312e312e ? .[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 00000000 aabbccdd 01234567 312e312e .........#Eg1.1.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]同样，这条命令也可以加上类型标识符[/font][font=Times New Roman].l, .w [/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman] .b[/font][font=宋体] ：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mm.w 100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 0000 ? 0101[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100002: 0000 ? 0202[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100004: aabb ? 4321[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100006: ccdd ? 8765[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100008: 0123 ? .[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 01010202 43218765 01234567 312e312e ....C!.e.#Eg1.1.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mm.b 100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 01 ? 48[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100001: 01 ? 61[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100002: 02 ? 6c[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100003: 02 ? 6c[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100004: 43 ? 6f[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100005: 21 ? 20[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100006: 87 ? 20[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100007: 65 ? 20[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100008: 01 ? .[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 48616c6c 6f202020 01234567 312e312e Hallo .#Eg1.1.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 3520284d 61722032 31203230 3032202d 5 (Mar 21 2002 -[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 2031393a 35353a30 34290000 00000000 19:55:04)......[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.7 mtest - [/font][font=宋体]简单地[/font][font=Times New Roman]RAM[/font][font=宋体]测试[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help mtest[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]mtest [start [end [pattern]]][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - simple RAM read/write test[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]mtest[/font][font=宋体]提供一个简单地存储器测试。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mtest 100000 200000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Testing 00100000 ... 00200000:[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Pattern 0000000F Writing... Reading...[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]它往存储器写入数据，这样会修改存储单元。如果遇到[/font][font=Times New Roman]ROM[/font][font=宋体]或者[/font][font=Times New Roman]flash[/font][font=宋体]存储单元，它会写入失败。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]如果测试的存储范围包括[/font][font=Times New Roman]U-Boot[/font][font=宋体]使用的区域（如中断向量表，或者内部程序代码，堆栈或者堆存放的单元），此命令可能会使系统崩溃。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.8 mw - [/font][font=宋体]写存储器[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help mw[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]mw [.b, .w, .l] address value [count][/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - write memory[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] mw[/font][font=宋体]是一种往存储器填写某些数据的方法。如果调用时没加计数参数，值将仅仅被写到某一给定的地址。当使用了计数参数时，整个存储区域都会写入该值。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] => md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 0000000f 00000010 00000011 00000012 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 00000013 00000014 00000015 00000016 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 00000017 00000018 00000019 0000001a ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 0000001b 0000001c 0000001d 0000001e ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mw 100000 aabbccdd[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: aabbccdd 00000010 00000011 00000012 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 00000013 00000014 00000015 00000016 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 00000017 00000018 00000019 0000001a ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 0000001b 0000001c 0000001d 0000001e ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mw 100000 0 6[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 00000000 00000000 00000015 00000016 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 00000017 00000018 00000019 0000001a ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 0000001b 0000001c 0000001d 0000001e ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=宋体]它又是一条可以加标识符[/font][font=Times New Roman].l, .w[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman].b[/font][font=宋体]的命令：[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mw.w 100004 1155 6[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 00000000 11551155 11551155 11551155 .....U.U.U.U.U.U[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 00000000 00000000 00000015 00000016 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 00000017 00000018 00000019 0000001a ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 0000001b 0000001c 0000001d 0000001e ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> mw.b 100007 ff 7[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 10[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 00000000 115511ff ffffffff ffff1155 .....U.........U[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 00000000 00000000 00000015 00000016 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100020: 00000017 00000018 00000019 0000001a ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100030: 0000001b 0000001c 0000001d 0000001e ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.9 nm - [/font][font=宋体]存储单元修正（恒定地址）[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help nm[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]nm [.b, .w, .l] address[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - memory modify, read and keep address[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] nm[/font][font=宋体]命令用于互动地往某个相同的地址写入不同的数据。在访问和修改设备寄存器的时候，这将会非常有用。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> nm.b 100000[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 00 ? 48[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 48 ? 61[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 61 ? 6c[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 6c ? 6c[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 6c ? 6f[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 6f ? .[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> md 100000 8[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100000: 6f000000 115511ff ffffffff ffff1155 o....U.........U[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]00100010: 00000000 00000000 00000015 00000016 ................[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] nm[/font][font=宋体]同样可以加上标识符[/font][font=Times New Roman] .l, .w[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman].b[/font][font=宋体]。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]5.9.2.10 loop - [/font][font=宋体]在地址范围内无限循环[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> help loop[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]loop [.b, .w, .l] address number_of_objects[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] - loop on a set of addresses[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=>[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] loop[/font][font=宋体]命令非常快速地读某个存储范围。因为这个命令力图最快速地读取存储单元，所以被用作一种特殊的存储器测试。[/font]
[font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]这个命令永远不会结束。除了重启开发板，没有其它办法可以停止它！[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]=> loop 100000 8[/font]
daxuizi 于 2010-10-29 21:20:50发表:
找了很久了