编译支持nand flash启动的u-boot

从Nand Flash启动U-BOOT的基本原理
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前4K的问题
如果S3C2410被配置成从Nand Flash启动(配置由硬件工程师在电路板设置), S3C2410的Nand Flash控制器有一个特殊的功能,在S3C2410上电后,Nand Flash控制器会自动的把Nand Flash上的前4K数据搬移到4K内部RAM中,并把0x00000000设置内部RAM的起始地址,CPU从内部RAM的0x00000000位置开始启动。这个过程不需要程序干涉。
程序员需要完成的工作,是把最核心的启动程序放在Nand Flash的前4K中。
启动程序的安排
由于Nand Flash控制器从Nand Flash中搬移到内部RAM的代码是有限的,所以在启动代码的前4K里,我们必须完成S3C2410的核心配置以及把启动代码(U-BOOT)剩余部分搬到RAM中运行。


u-boot源码不支持从nand flash启动，可是s3c2410支持从nand flash启动，开发板(sbc-2410x)加电后s3c2410将nand flash的前4k(保存有u-boot的部分功能--拷贝功能--把nand flash中的内容拷贝到SDRAM)拷贝到sram(s3c2410芯片内的sram)。这就需要修改u-boot源码，增加u-boot的功能: 使u-boot在得到执行权后能够将其自身拷贝到开发板上SDRAM中，以便处理器能够执行u-boot。

# cd u-boot-1.1.6
在board/bks2410加入NAND Flash读函数，建立nand_read.c，加入如下内容(copy from vivi)：
# vi board/sbc2410x/nand_read.c
-----------------------------------------------
#include
#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))
#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))
#define NF_BASE 0x4e000000
#define NFCONF __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)
#define NFCMD __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x4)
#define NFADDR __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)
#define NFDATA __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xc)
#define NFSTAT __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)

#define BUSY 1
inline void wait_idle(void) {
int i;

while(!(NFSTAT & BUSY))
for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)

/* low level nand read function */
int nand_read_ll(unsigned char *buf,
unsigned long start_addr,
int size)
{
int i, j;

if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
return -1; /* invalid alignment */
}

/* chip Enable */
NFCONF &= ~0x800;
for(i=0; i<10; i++);

for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
/* READ0 */
NFCMD = 0;

/* Write Address */
NFADDR = i & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 9) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 17) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 25) & 0xff;

wait_idle();

for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
*buf = (NFDATA & 0xff);
buf++;
}
}

/* chip Disable */
NFCONF |= 0x800; /* chip disable */

return 0;
}



# vi board/sbc2410x/Makefile +28
-----------------------------------------------
COBJS := sbc2410x.o flash.o ==>
COBJS := sbc2410x.o flash.o nand_read.o




# vi cpu/arm920t/start.S
-----------------------------------------------
从Nand Flash中把数据拷贝到RAM,是由copy_myself程序段完成
(1) 在"ldr pc, _start_armboot"之前加入(223行)：
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
bl copy_myself

@ jump to ram
ldr r1, =on_the_ram
add pc, r1, #0
nop
nop
1: b 1b @ infinite loop

on_the_ram:
#endif


(2) 在"_start_armboot: .word start_armboot"之后加入：
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
copy_myself:
mov r10, lr
@ reset NAND
mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE
ldr r2, =0xf830 @ initial value
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
bic r2, r2, #0x800 @ enable chip
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
mov r2, #0xff @ RESET command
strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]
mov r3, #0 @ wait

1:add r3, r3, #0x1
cmp r3, #0xa
blt 1b
2:ldr r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT] @ wait ready
tst r2, #0x1
beq 2b
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
orr r2, r2, #0x800 @ disable chip
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

@ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
ldr sp, DW_STACK_START @ setup stack pointer
mov fp, #0 @ no previous frame, so fp=0

@ copy vivi to RAM
ldr r0, =UBOOT_RAM_BASE
mov r1, #0x0
mov r2, #0x20000
bl nand_read_ll
tst r0, #0x0
beq ok_nand_read

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
bad_nand_read:
ldr r0, STR_FAIL
ldr r1, SerBase
bl PrintWord
1:b 1b @ infinite loop
#endif

ok_nand_read:
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
ldr r0, STR_OK
ldr r1, SerBase
bl PrintWord
#endif

@ verify
mov r0, #0
ldr r1, =UBOOT_RAM_BASE
mov r2, #0x400 @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes
go_next:
ldr r3, [r0], #4
ldr r4, [r1], #4
teq r3, r4
bne notmatch
subs r2, r2, #4
beq done_nand_read
bne go_next

notmatch:
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
sub r0, r0, #4
ldr r1, SerBase
bl PrintHexWord
ldr r0, STR_FAIL
ldr r1, SerBase
bl PrintWord
#endif
1:b 1b
done_nand_read:
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
ldr r0, STR_OK
ldr r1, SerBase
bl PrintWord
#endif
mov pc, r10
@ clear memory
@ r0: start address
@ r1: length
mem_clear:
mov r2, #0
mov r3, r2
mov r4, r2
mov r5, r2
mov r6, r2
mov r7, r2
mov r8, r2
mov r9, r2

clear_loop:
stmia r0!, {r2-r9}
subs r1, r1, #(8 * 4)
bne clear_loop
mov pc, lr

#endif @ CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT


(3) 在文件的最后加入：
.align 2
DW_STACK_START:
.word STACK_BASE+STACK_SIZE-4




# vi include/configs/sbc2410x.h
-----------------------------------------------
(1) 将CONFIG_SERVERIP设置为主机IP
这样以后在通过网络下载内核映像时，就不用就该IP地址了。(这一项修改与nand flash没有关系)
#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.0.240

(2) 在文件末尾添加如下内容
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE 0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE 0x8000
#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE 0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE 0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb) __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF 0x00
#define oNFCMD 0x04
#define oNFADDR 0x08
#define oNFDATA 0x0c
#define oNFSTAT 0x10
#define oNFECC 0x14