安装好Linux裸机后还需要在其上安装一些基础组件，一般是手动一个个安装，比较繁复也许会遗漏，下面整理了下，做成一个脚本，每次run下这个脚本就完成了基础组件的安装了，并且附带优化了Linux的内核参数。
1，先配置网络，check配置为最原始的状态
[root@wgq_id_web_1_50 ~]# more ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=de8199bd-d18e-45d4-85a0-7cbeb1d693f2
ONBOOT=no
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:0C:29:BF:E2:AB
[root@wgq_id_web_1_50 ~]#
手动配置网络服务：
ifconfig eth0 1xx.2xx.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0
route add default gw 1xx.2xx.1.1
service network restart
2，设置初始化域名
[root@wgq-web-1-50 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
[root@wgq-web-1-50 ~]#
3，编写初始化安装脚本
[root@wgq_id_web_1_50 ~]# vim init_app_shell.sh
#!/bin/bash
#IP GATEWAY parameters
if [ $# != 3 ]
then
echo "USAGE: $0 IPADDR GATEWAY HostName"
echo "eg: $0 1xx.2xx.1.12 1xx.2xx.1.1 wgq_idc_mon_1_12"
exit 1
fi
#hostname configuration,注意sed后面带变量的话，不能用'符号，因为会解析不了$3变量值。
hostname $3
sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=$3/g" /etc/sysconfig/network
#chkconfig
yum install -y chkconfig
#stop services
chkconfig --list |grep ":on" |awk '{print $1}' > /tmp/allonservice.txt
for i in `cat /tmp/allonservice.txt`
do
chkconfig $i off
done
for k in NetworkManager crond messagebus network rsyslog sshd
do
chkconfig $k on
done
#network configuration
grep "DNS1" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
cat <<EOF>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
IPADDR=$1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=$2
DNS1=2xx.1xx.136.10
EOF
fi
sed -i 's/ONBOOT=no/ONBOOT=yes/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
sed -i 's/BOOTPROTO=dhcp/BOOTPROTO=static/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
service network restart
#set nameserver
cat <<EOF>> /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver $4
EOF
#selinux disabled
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i 's/id:5:initdefault:/id:3:initdefault:/g' /etc/inittab
#kernel optimization
grep "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30" /etc/sysctl.conf
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
cat <<EOF>> /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
EOF
sed -i 's/net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0/#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0/g' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i 's/net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0/#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0/g' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i 's/net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0/#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0/g' /etc/sysctl.conf
fi
sysctl -p
#epel yum source configuration
if [ ! -d /soft ]
then
mkdir /soft
fi
cd /soft
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm && rm -rf epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's/#baseurl=/baseurl=/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
sed -i 's/irrorlist=/#irrorlist=/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
#system basic lib package install
yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel.x86_64 cmake.x86_64 libaio.x86_64 bison.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 bind-utils wget curl curl-devel perl openssh-clients setuptool sysstat -y
# restart the linux server
reboot
[root@wgq_id_web_1_50 ~]#
4，环境准备
(1)，去http://pan.baidu.com/s/1qWodCQg下载epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm（对应CentOS下载相应的安装包），放到/soft/目录
(2)，注意域名是初始化的，如果手动修改过了，建议改成原始的localhost.localdomain。
5，运行脚本开始初始化安装
开始运行，4个参数，P1：虚拟机ip地址；P2
sh init_app_shell.sh 1xx.2xx.1.50 1xx.2xx.1.1 wgq_idc_web_1_50 202.xxx.xxx.64
6，调试中一些报错信息记录
(1)，yum install gcc*报错：
PYCURL ERROR - "Couldn't resolve host 'mirrorlist.centos.org'"
Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo:base
需要添加路由
route add default gw 192.168.180.255
或者
route add add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 1xx.2xx.1.1
(2)，yum安装报错 ：
Error Downloading Packages:
grep-2.6.3-6.el6.x86_64: failure: Packages/grep-2.6.3-6.el6.x86_64.rpm from base: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
缺少dns，添加dns：
[root@wgq_id_squid_1_11 ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 2xx.1xx.136.10
重启服务
ifconfig eth0 1xx.2xx.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0
route add default gw 1xx.2xx.1.1
service network restart
(3)，Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo:base
需要安装
yum install chkconfig
yum install greo -y