sha1、md5、base64
mac：
$ echo -n foo|shasum
0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33 -
$ echo -n foo|shasum -a 256
2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae -
$ echo -n foo|openssl dgst -sha1
0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33
$ echo -n foo|openssl dgst -sha256
2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae
$ echo -n foo|md5
acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8
$ md5 -s foo
MD5 ("foo") = acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8
$ echo -n foo|openssl dgst -md5
acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8
$ echo -n foo|base64
Zm9v
$ echo Zm9v|base64 -D;echo
foo
$ echo -n foo|openssl enc -base64
Zm9v
$ echo Zm9v|openssl enc -base64 -d;echo
foo
$ echo -n foo|openssl dgst -md5 -binary|openssl enc -base64
rL0Y20zC+Fzt72VPzMSk2A==
openssl命令可以简单写：
openssl sha1
openssl sha -sha256
openssl md5
openssl base64
openssl base64 -d
linux：
# echo -n foo|shasum
0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33 -
# echo -n foo|shasum -a 256
2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae -
# echo -n foo|openssl dgst -sha1
(stdin)= 0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33
# echo -n foo|openssl dgst -sha256
(stdin)= 2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d706483bfa0f98a5e886266e7ae
# echo -n foo|md5sum
acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8 -
# echo -n foo|openssl dgst -md5
(stdin)= acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8
# echo -n foo|base64
Zm9v
# echo Zm9v|base64 -d;echo
foo
# echo -n foo|openssl enc -base64
Zm9v
# echo Zm9v|openssl enc -base64 -d;echo
foo
# echo -n foo|openssl dgst -md5 -binary|openssl enc -base64
rL0Y20zC+Fzt72VPzMSk2A==
openssl命令可以简单写：
openssl sha1
openssl sha256
openssl sha sha256
openssl md5
openssl base64
openssl base64 -d
urlencode/urldecode[1]
$ alias urldecode='python -c "import sys, urllib as ul; \
print ul.unquote_plus(sys.argv[1])"'
$ alias urlencode='python -c "import sys, urllib as ul; \
print ul.quote_plus(sys.argv[1])"'
$ urlencode 'lalala啦啦啦'
lalala%E5%95%A6%E5%95%A6%E5%95%A6
$ urldecode 'alala%E5%95%A6%E5%95%A6%E5%95%A6'
alala啦啦啦
可以将alias个语句放到.bashrc或者其他shell的启动rc文件里（如：.zshrc），用source载入。
已安装的shell和当前shell：
$ cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.
/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh
$ echo $0
-/bin/zsh
$ echo $SHELL
/bin/zsh
$ env|grep SHELL
SHELL=/bin/zsh
引用：
[1] Decoding URL encoding (percent encoding)：http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/159253/decoding-url-encoding-percent-encoding