在Ubuntu上编译GCC会到的问题及解决方法

这段时间，我在用软件实现一个3D图形库，因为一些原因，想要使用c++11中的东西。被迫自己编译gcc4.7. 在这个过程中传到了很多的问题，经过不懈的努力终于是成功编译出来了，现在记录一下，算作个备份。

我是在Ubuntu11.10上编译的.会到了如下错误

1.configure错误，说没有gmp,什么的。

2. undefined reference to `lexer_line'

3. fatal error: bits/predefs.h :File or directory not found

4. ld can't find crti.o

相应的解决如下:

1.  apt-get install libgmp10-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev

2.  apt-get install flex bison

3.  4. 在网上下了一个编译脚本，直接运行就行了

下面是且这个脚本编译的过程:

1. 按照上面1和2安装好gmp,等等;

2. 到官网上下载代码放在 $HOME/src/gcc-4.7/files/中

3. 下载附件中的脚本，修改PKG_SNAPSHOT_VER和TARGET_SYSTEM_TYPE，然后直接运行即可。

4. 按脚本运行的提示完成最后的工作（比如建立符号链接啊什么的）

脚本如下:

#!/bin/sh 
 
# Filename: build_gcc-snapshot.sh 
#  Created: 15-Mar-2011 
#RunAs: user or root 
# Last Changed: 09-Oct-2011 
 
export LANG=C 
export LC_ALL=C 
 
PKG_NAME="gcc" 
PKG_VER="4.7" 
PKG_SNAPSHOT_VER="4.7-20120128" 
 
BASE_DIR="$HOME/src/${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_VER}" 
SRC_DIR="${BASE_DIR}/${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_SNAPSHOT_VER}" 
BUILD_DIR="${BASE_DIR}/gcc-build" 
 
DL_DIR="${BASE_DIR}/files" 
DL_FILE="${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_SNAPSHOT_VER}.tar.bz2" 
 
PATCHES_DIR="${BASE_DIR}/patches" 
 
BUILD_SYSTEM_TYPE=$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE) 
HOST_SYSTEM_TYPE=$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE) 
TARGET_SYSTEM_TYPE="x86_64-linux-gnu" 
 
HOST_SYSTEM_MULTIARCH_TYPE=$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH) 
 
PREFIX="/opt/${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_VER}" 
 
LIB_DIR="${PREFIX}/lib" 
LIB_EXEC_DIR="${PREFIX}/lib" 
 
BUILD_LOG_FILE="${BASE_DIR}/make.log" 
 
GCC_VER_FOR_BUILD="4.6" 
CC_FOR_BUILD="gcc-${GCC_VER_FOR_BUILD}" 
CXX_FOR_BUILD="g++-${GCC_VER_FOR_BUILD}" 
CPP_FOR_BUILD="cpp-${GCC_VER_FOR_BUILD}" 
export CC="${CC_FOR_BUILD}" CXX="${CXX_FOR_BUILD}" CPP="${CPP_FOR_BUILD}" 
echo "##### CC  ... $CC" 
echo "##### CXX ... $CXX" 
echo "##### CPP ... $CPP" 
 
MULTIARCH_FLAGS="-B/usr/lib/${HOST_SYSTEM_MULTIARCH_TYPE} -I/usr/include/${HOST_SYSTEM_MULTIARCH_TYPE}" 
 
export CFLAGS="-g -O2" 
export CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" 
export CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET="${CFLAGS} ${MULTIARCH_FLAGS}" 
export CXXFLAGS_FOR_TARGET="${CXXFLAGS} ${MULTIARCH_FLAGS}" 
 
##LD_PRELOAD_FOR_BUILD="${PREFIX}/lib/libgcc_s.so.1" 
##export LD_PRELOAD=${LD_PRELOAD_FOR_BUILD} 
 
MAKE_JOBS="3" 
echo "##### MAKE_JOBS ... ${MAKE_JOBS}" 
 
test -e ${BASE_DIR} || mkdir -p ${BASE_DIR} 
echo "##### Base directory ... ${BASE_DIR}" 
 
echo "##### Unpacking ${DL_FILE} ..." 
tar -xf ${DL_DIR}/${DL_FILE} -C ${BASE_DIR} 
echo "##### Finished unpacking." 
 
test -e ${BUILD_DIR} || mkdir -p ${BUILD_DIR} 
cd ${BUILD_DIR} 
echo "##### Build directory ... $PWD" 
 
# HELP: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/development/chapter06/gcc.html 
# NOTE: apt-get install libgmp10-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev 
echo "##### Configuring gcc-build ..." 
../${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_SNAPSHOT_VER}/configure \ 
--prefix=${PREFIX} \ 
--libdir=${LIB_DIR} \ 
--libexecdir=${LIB_EXEC_DIR} \ 
--program-suffix=-${PKG_VER} \ 
--enable-clocale=gnu \ 
--enable-languages=c,c++ \ 
--enable-shared \ 
--enable-threads=posix \ 
--disable-bootstrap \ 
--disable-libssp \ 
--disable-multilib \ 
--disable-nls \ 
--with-system-zlib \ 
--without-cloog \ 
--without-ppl \ 
--with-arch-32=i586 --with-tune=generic \ 
--build=${BUILD_SYSTEM_TYPE} --host=${HOST_SYSTEM_TYPE} --target=${TARGET_SYSTEM_TYPE} 
echo "##### Finished configuring." 
 
echo "##### Compiling gcc-build ..." 
make FLAGS_FOR_TARGET="${FLAGS_FOR_TARGET} ${MULTIARCH_FLAGS}" -j${MAKE_JOBS} 2>&1 | tee ${BUILD_LOG_FILE} 
echo "##### Finished compiling." 
 
echo "NOTE #1: Before installing your shiny new gcc run the gcc-testsuite to check your build is OK!" 
 
echo "NOTE #2: Don't forget to generate symlinks in system's bin directory!" 
echo "EXAMPLE: sudo ln -sf ${PREFIX}/bin/${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_VER} /usr/bin/${PKG_NAME}-${PKG_VER}" 
 
echo "NOTE #3: Don't forget to add ${PREFIX}/lib' to /etc/ld.so.conf.d/${TARGET_SYSTEM_TYPE}.conf!" 
echo "EXAMPLE: sudo ldconfig -v"