装好虚拟机+Linux，并且主机网络和虚拟机网络互通。以及Linux上装好JDK。
1：在Linux下输入命令vi /etc/profile 添加HADOOP_HOME
export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/export/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/export/hadoop
export PATH=.:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
2：修改hadoop/conf目录下面hadoop-env.sh第九行
export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/export/jdk
3：修改hadoop/conf目录下面core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/.../tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://127.0.0.1:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4：修改hadoop/conf目录下面hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
5：修改hadoop/conf目录下面mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>127.0.0.1:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
修改完成。
转到hadoop/bin下面输入hadoop namenode -format
出现如下：（说明成功）
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
14/07/15 16:06:27 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = ubuntu/127.0.1.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.1
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1503152; compiled by 'mattf' on Mon Jul 22 15:23:09 PDT 2013
STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_55
************************************************************/
14/07/15 16:07:09 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
14/07/15 16:07:09 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 32-bit
14/07/15 16:07:09 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory = 1013645312
14/07/15 16:07:09 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^22 = 4194304 entries
14/07/15 16:07:09 INFO util.GSet: recommended=4194304, actual=4194304
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=hadoop
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isAccessTokenEnabled=false accessKeyUpdateInterval=0 min(s), accessTokenLifetime=0 min(s)
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: dfs.namenode.edits.toleration.length = 0
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO common.Storage: Image file /home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current/fsimage of size 118 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: closing edit log: position=4, editlog=/home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current/edits
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: close success: truncate to 4, editlog=/home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current/edits
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
14/07/15 16:07:10 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at ubuntu/127.0.1.1
************************************************************/
在这一部分中有一部分人会出现失败的情况，但是你一定要去查Hadoop下面logs里面的输出异常很详细。
第一次失败一定要记住删掉tmp下面的输出。因为有可能会出现不兼容的情况。
然后输入start-all.sh
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/export/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-Ubuntu.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/export/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-ubuntu.out
localhost: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/export/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-ubuntu.out
starting jobtracker, logging to /home/hadoop/export/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-ubuntu.out
localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/export/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-ubuntu.out
在上面的过程中可能会提示你输入密码,这时你可以设置个ssh免密码登陆，我博客里面有。
输入jps 出现如下：（少一个datanode，这里我故意设置一个错误）
10666 NameNode
11547 Jps
11445 TaskTracker
11130 SecondaryNameNode
11218 JobTracker
查看logs
2014-07-15 16:13:43,032 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsConfig: loaded properties from hadoop-metrics2.properties
2014-07-15 16:13:43,094 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSourceAdapter: MBean for source MetricsSystem,sub=Stats registered.
2014-07-15 16:13:43,098 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: Scheduled snapshot period at 10 second(s).
2014-07-15 16:13:43,118 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: DataNode metrics system started
2014-07-15 16:13:43,999 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSourceAdapter: MBean for source ugi registered.
2014-07-15 16:13:44,044 WARN org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: Source name ugi already exists!
2014-07-15 16:13:45,484 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: java.io.IOException: Incompatible namespaceIDs in /home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data: namenode namespaceID = 224603228; datanode namespaceID = 566757162
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.doTransition(DataStorage.java:232)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:147)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.startDataNode(DataNode.java:414)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.<init>(DataNode.java:321)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.makeInstance(DataNode.java:1712)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.instantiateDataNode(DataNode.java:1651)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.createDataNode(DataNode.java:1669)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.secureMain(DataNode.java:1795)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.main(DataNode.java:1812)
这时你只要删除tmp下的文件，问题解决。
然后你可以执行一个实例：具体操作如下
hadoop@ubuntu:~/export/hadoop$ ls
bin hadoop-ant-1.2.1.jar ivy README.txt
build.xml hadoop-client-1.2.1.jar ivy.xml sbin
c++ hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar lib share
CHANGES.txt hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar libexec src
conf hadoop-minicluster-1.2.1.jar LICENSE.txt webapps
contrib hadoop-test-1.2.1.jar logs
docs hadoop-tools-1.2.1.jar NOTICE.txt
进行上传hdfs文件操作
hadoop@ubuntu:~/export/hadoop$ hadoop fs -put README.txt /
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
如上说明上传成功。
执行一段wordcount程序（进行对README.txt文件处理）
hadoop@ubuntu:~/export/hadoop$ hadoop jar hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar word
count /README.txt /wordcountoutput
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
14/07/15 15:23:01 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
14/07/15 15:23:01 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library
14/07/15 15:23:01 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library not loaded
14/07/15 15:23:02 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201407141636_0001
14/07/15 15:23:03 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0%
14/07/15 15:23:15 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 0%
14/07/15 15:23:30 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 100%
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201407141636_0001
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 29
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job Counters
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched reduce tasks=1
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=12563
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched map tasks=1
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Data-local map tasks=1
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=14550
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Output Format Counters
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Written=1306
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: FileSystemCounters
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_READ=1836
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_READ=1463
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=120839
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=1306
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Input Format Counters
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Read=1366
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map-Reduce Framework
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output materialized bytes=1836
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input records=31
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce shuffle bytes=1836
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Spilled Records=262
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output bytes=2055
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total committed heap usage (bytes)=212611072
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: CPU time spent (ms)=2430
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine input records=179
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=97
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input records=131
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input groups=131
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine output records=131
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=177545216
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce output records=131
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=695681024
14/07/15 15:23:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output records=179
hadoop@ubuntu:~/export/hadoop$ hadoop fs -ls /
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
Found 3 items
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 1366 2014-07-15 15:21 /README.txt
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2014-07-14 16:36 /home
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2014-07-15 15:23 /wordcountoutput
hadoop@ubuntu:~/export/hadoop$ hadoop fs -get /wordcountoutput /home/hadoop/
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
你可以下载下来看看这个文件
如下：
(see 1
5D002.C.1, 1
740.13) 1
<http://www.wassenaar.org/> 1
Administration 1
Apache 1
BEFORE 1
BIS 1
Bureau 1
Commerce, 1
Commodity 1
Control 1
Core 1
Department 1
ENC 1
Exception 1
Export 2
For 1
Foundation 1
Government 1
Hadoop 1
Hadoop, 1
Industry 1
Jetty 1
License 1
Number 1
Regulations, 1
SSL 1
Section 1
Security 1
See 1
Software 2
Technology 1
The 4
This 1
U.S. 1
Unrestricted 1
about 1
algorithms. 1
and 6
and/or 1
another 1
any 1
as 1
asymmetric 1
at: 2
both 1
by 1
check 1
classified 1
code 1
code. 1
concerning 1
country 1
country's 1
country, 1
cryptographic 3
currently 1
details 1
distribution 2
eligible 1
encryption 3
exception 1
export 1
following 1
for 3
form 1
from 1
functions 1
has 1
have 1