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CentOS 5.9下安装配置Keepalived

发布时间:2015-03-30 09:56:29来源:linux网站作者:leshami

Keepalived是由C语言编写的路由软件，是lvs的扩展项目，主要用作RealServer的健康状态检查以及LoadBalance主机和BackUP主机之间failover的实现。keepalived是一个类似于layer3, 4 & 7交换机制的软件，也就是我们平时说的第3层、第4层和第7层交换。本文主要介绍了其安装过程供大家参考。


1、获取安装软件

下载地址：http://www.keepalived.org/download.html

可以直接下载最新的版本1.2.13，也可以通过wget自动下载

# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz


2、安装前提

a、确保ipvs已经被安装
#如下，执行ipvsadm检查ipvs是否已经安装(当前大多数Linux缺省已安装)
[root@HKBO ~]# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port  Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

#检查当前加载的内核模块，看是否存在ip_vs模块
[root@HKBO ~]# lsmod|grep ip_vs
ip_vs122113  0

b、安装相应的依赖包
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 ncurses-devel bison libaio-devel \
> cmake libnl* libpopt* popt-static openssl-devel


3、安装keepalived

[root@HKBO ~]# more /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.9 (Final)

# mkdir /usr/local/keepalived
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz
# tar -xvf keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-1.2.13
# ./configure --disable-fwmark --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
...............
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version  : 1.2.13
Compiler: gcc
Compiler flags  : -g -O2 -DETHERTYPE_IPV6=0x86dd
Extra Lib: -lssl -lcrypto -lcrypt
Use IPVS Framework  : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
IPVS use libnl  : No
fwmark socket support: No
Use VRRP Framework  : Yes
Use VRRP VMAC: No
SNMP support: No
SHA1 support: No
Use Debug flags  : No

# make && make install
# ls /usr/local/keepalived/  #查看安装完成后，生成了4个目录
bin  etc  sbin  share

# cd /usr/local/keepalived/etc
[root@HKBO etc]# tree
.
|-- keepalived
|  |-- keepalived.conf  #keepalived的配置样例
|  `-- samples
|  |-- client.pem
|  |-- dh1024.pem
|  |-- keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
|  |-- keepalived.conf.IPv6
|  |-- keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
|  |-- keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
|  |-- keepalived.conf.fwmark
|  |-- keepalived.conf.inhibit
|  |-- keepalived.conf.misc_check
|  |-- keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
|  |-- keepalived.conf.quorum
|  |-- keepalived.conf.sample
|  |-- keepalived.conf.status_code
|  |-- keepalived.conf.track_interface
|  |-- keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
|  |-- keepalived.conf.virtualhost
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
|  |-- keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
|  |-- root.pem
|  `-- sample.misccheck.smbcheck.sh
|-- rc.d
|  `-- init.d
|  `-- keepalived
`-- sysconfig
`-- keepalived

# cd /usr/local/keepalived/sbin
# ./keepalived --help#获取keepalived的一些帮助
Usage: ./keepalived [OPTION...]
-f, --use-file=FILE  Use the specified configuration file
-P, --vrrp  Only run with VRRP subsystem
-C, --check  Only run with Health-checker subsystem
-l, --log-consoleLog messages to local console
-D, --log-detailDetailed log messages
-S, --log-facility=[0-7]Set syslog facility to LOG_LOCAL[0-7]
-V, --dont-release-vrrp  Don't remove VRRP VIPs and VROUTEs on daemon stop
-I, --dont-release-ipvs  Don't remove IPVS topology on daemon stop
-R, --dont-respawn  Don't respawn child processes
-n, --dont-fork  Don't fork the daemon process
-d, --dump-conf  Dump the configuration data
-p, --pid=FILE  Use specified pidfile for parent process
-r, --vrrp_pid=FILE  Use specified pidfile for VRRP child process
-c, --checkers_pid=FILE  Use specified pidfile for checkers child process
-v, --versionDisplay the version number
-h, --help  Display this help message

# mkdir /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

# service keepalived restart
Stopping keepalived: [FAILED]
Starting keepalived: [  OK  ]

# service keepalived status
keepalived (pid  12092) is running...

# chkconfig keepalived on

# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.200.16/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.200.17/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.200.18/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0


4、有关keepalived.conf的配置项

[root@HKBO keepalived]# more keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

#全局定义块，包含邮件定义部分，
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL  //负载均衡器标识，在一个网络内，它应该是唯一的
}

#VRRP实例定义块，负责负载均衡器之间的失败切换
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER  //只有MASTER和BACKUP 2种状态，主为MASTER，从为BACKUP，使用大写  
interface eth0//监控的网络接口
virtual_router_id 51  //同一实例下virtual_router_id必须相同
priority 100  //定义优先级，数字越大，优先级越高  
advert_int 1  //MASTER与BACKUP负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔，单位是秒
authentication {  //验证类型和密码  
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {//虚拟ip地址virtual_ipaddress,可以定义多个
192.168.200.16
192.168.200.17
192.168.200.18
}
}

#虚拟服务器定义块
virtual_server 192.168.200.100 443 {  //定义虚拟服务器
delay_loop 6  //delay_loop，健康检查时间间隔，单位是秒  
lb_algo rr//负载调度算法，这里设置为rr，即轮询算法，互联网应用常使用wlc或rr
lb_kind NAT//负载均衡转发规则。一般包括DR,NAT,TUN3种，在我的方案中，都使用DR的方式
nat_mask 255.255.255.0//子网掩码
persistence_timeout 50//会话保持时间，单位是秒（可以适当延长时间以保持session）  
protocol TCP  //转发协议类型，有tcp和udp两种
  
real_server 192.168.201.100 443 {  //真实服务器IP及端口  
weight 1  //默认为1,0为失效
SSL_GET {
url {
path /  
digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
}
url {
path /mrtg/
digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}

virtual_server 10.10.10.2 1358 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind NAT
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP

sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358

real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
url {
path /testurl3/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}

real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}


5、配置主备keepalived

a、配置主备keepalived
#主，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
192.168.1.230
}
}

#备，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
192.168.1.230
}
}

b、测试主备keepalived
#启动主服务器上的keepalived服务
[root@MASTER ~]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [  OK  ]

[root@SZ-SYS-APP01 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:1f:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.65/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.220/32 scope global eth0#可以看到220和230的虚IP
inet 192.168.1.230/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:1f37/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

#启动备用服务器上的keepalived服务
[root@BACKUP ~]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [  OK  ]
#下面的查询结果中，虚IP220和230并为出现在备用服务器
[root@HKBO ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

#关闭主服务上的keepalived服务，观察vip是否会漂移到备用服务  
[root@MASTER ~]# service keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [  OK  ]
[root@MASTER ~]# ip addr#关闭后，该命令可以看到220和230的虚IP已经不存在于主服务器
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:1f:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.65/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:1f37/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

#此时在备用服务器上查看到了漂移的vip地址
[root@BACKUP ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.220/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.230/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

#如果再次启动主服务器上的keepalived服务，则会vip自动漂移到主服务器，不再验证。
#Author : Leshami


6、配置双主keepalived

双主的keepalived方式实际上是互为主备，以避免单点故障
#配置主备keepalived
MasterA: 192.168.1.65, VirtualIP: 192.168.1.220
MasterB: 192.168.1.66, VirtualIP: 192.168.1.230
#主，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
}
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.230
}
}

#备，以下主要列出keepalived.conf差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
}
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.230
}
}

#从上面的配置文件中可以看出，实际上是增加了一个vrrp实例
#验证过程略


7、编译时的错误No SO_MARK

#如果在编译时碰到了No SO_MARK错误，如下
# ./configure
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
  ...........
checking for nl_socket_alloc in -lnl-3... no
checking for nl_socket_modify_cb in -lnl... no
configure: WARNING: keepalived will be built without libnl support.
checking for kernel version... 2.6.18
checking for IPVS syncd support... yes
checking for kernel macvlan support... no
checking whether SO_MARK is declared... no
configure: error: No SO_MARK declaration in headers

#可以通过增加disable-fwmark参数来解决
--disable-fwmarkcompile without SO_MARK support

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