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在MySQL中利用外键实现级联删除

发布时间:2006-04-02 00:39:04来源:红联作者:reing
首先,目前在产品环境可用的MySQL版本(指4.0.x和4.1.x)中,只有InnoDB引擎才允许使用外键,所以,我们的数据表必须使用InnoDB引擎。

下面,我们先创建以下测试用数据库表:


CREATE TABLE `roottb` (
`id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
`data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) TYPE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE `subtb` (
`id` INT(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
`rootid` INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`data` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
INDEX (`rootid`),
FOREIGN KEY (`rootid`) REFERENCES roottb(`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) TYPE=InnoDB;



注意:
1、必须使用InnoDB引擎;
2、外键必须建立索引(INDEX);
3、外键绑定关系这里使用了“ ON DELETE CASCADE”,意思是如果外键对应数据被删除,将关联数据完全删除,更多信息请参考MySQL手册中关于InnoDB的文档;

好,接着我们再来插入测试数据:


INSERT INTO `roottb` (`id`,`data`)
VALUES ('1', 'test root line 1'),
('2', 'test root line 2'),
('3', 'test root line 3');

INSERT INTO `subtb` (`id`,`rootid`,`data`)
VALUES ('1', '1', 'test sub line 1 for root 1'),
('2', '1', 'test sub line 2 for root 1'),
('3', '1', 'test sub line 3 for root 1'),
('4', '2', 'test sub line 1 for root 2'),
('5', '2', 'test sub line 2 for root 2'),
('6', '2', 'test sub line 3 for root 2'),
('7', '3', 'test sub line 1 for root 3'),
('8', '3', 'test sub line 2 for root 3'),
('9', '3', 'test sub line 3 for root 3');



我们先看一下当前数据表的状态:


mysql>; show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| roottb |
| subtb |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
+----+------------------+
| id | data |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | test root line 1 |
| 2 | test root line 2 |
| 3 | test root line 3 |
+----+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)

mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| id | rootid | data |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
| 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
| 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
| 4 | 2 | test sub line 1 for root 2 |
| 5 | 2 | test sub line 2 for root 2 |
| 6 | 2 | test sub line 3 for root 2 |
| 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
| 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
| 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)



嗯,一切都正常,好,下面我们要试验我们的级联删除功能了。

我们将只删除roottb表中id为2的数据记录,看看subtb表中rootid为2的相关子纪录是否会自动删除:


mysql>; delete from `roottb` where `id`='2';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>; select * from `roottb`;
+----+------------------+
| id | data |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | test root line 1 |
| 3 | test root line 3 |
+----+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>; select * from `subtb`;
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| id | rootid | data |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 1 | test sub line 1 for root 1 |
| 2 | 1 | test sub line 2 for root 1 |
| 3 | 1 | test sub line 3 for root 1 |
| 7 | 3 | test sub line 1 for root 3 |
| 8 | 3 | test sub line 2 for root 3 |
| 9 | 3 | test sub line 3 for root 3 |
+----+--------+----------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)



嗯,看subtb表中对应数据确实自动删除了,测试成功。

结论:在MySQL中利用外键实现级联删除成功!
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