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Java Ö§³ÖÁ½ÖÖÑ¡ÔñÓï¾ä£ºifÓï¾äºÍswitchÓï¾ä¡£ÕâЩÓï¾äÔÊÐíÄãÖ»ÓÐÔÚ³ÌÐòÔËÐÐʱ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀÆä״̬µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¿ØÖƳÌÐòµÄÖ´Ðйý³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐC/C++ µÄ±à³Ì±³¾°£¬Ä㽫»áΪÕâÁ½¸öÓï¾äµÄÇ¿´ó¹¦ÄܺÍÁé»îÐÔ¶ø¸Ðµ½³Ô¾ª¡£

5.1.1 ifÓï¾ä
ifÓï¾äÔøÔÚµÚ2ÕÂÖнéÉܹý£¬ÎÒÃǽ«ÔÚÕâÀï¶ÔËü½øÐÐÏêϸÌÖÂÛ¡£ifÓï¾äÊÇJava ÖеÄÌõ¼þ·ÖÖ§Óï¾ä¡£ËüÄܽ«³ÌÐòµÄÖ´Ðз¾¶·ÖΪÁ½Ìõ¡£ifÓï¾äµÄÍêÕû¸ñʽÈçÏ£º

if (condition) statement1;
else statement2;

ÆäÖУ¬ifºÍelseµÄ¶ÔÏó¶¼Êǵ¥¸öÓï¾ä£¨statement £©£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊdzÌÐò¿é¡£Ìõ¼þcondition ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκηµ»Ø²¼¶ûÖµµÄ±í´ïʽ¡£else×Ó¾äÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ¡£

ifÓï¾äµÄÖ´Ðйý³ÌÈçÏÂ:Èç¹ûÌõ¼þΪÕ棬¾ÍÖ´ÐÐifµÄ¶ÔÏó£¨statement1 £©£»·ñÔò£¬Ö´ÐÐelse µÄ¶ÔÏó£¨statement2 £©¡£ÈκÎʱºòÁ½ÌõÓï¾ä¶¼²»¿ÉÄÜͬʱִÐС£¿¼ÂÇÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º

int a£¬b; // ...if(a < b) a = 0;else b = 0;

±¾ÀýÖУ¬Èç¹ûaСÓÚb£¬ÄÇôa±»¸³ÖµÎª0£»·ñÔò£¬b±»¸³ÖµÎª0¡£ÈκÎÇé¿ö϶¼²»¿ÉÄÜʹa ºÍb¶¼±»¸³ÖµÎª0¡£

ͨ³££¬ÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆifÓï¾äµÄ±í´ïʽ¶¼°üº¬¹ØϵÔËËã·û¡£µ±È»£¬ÕâÔÚ¼¼ÊõÉϲ¢²»ÊDZØÒªµÄ¡£½öÓÃÒ»¸ö²¼¶ûÖµÀ´¿ØÖÆifÓï¾äÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģ¬ÈçÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐò¶Î£º

boolean dataAvailable;
// ...
if (dataAvailable)
ProcessData();
else
waitForMoreData();

¼Çס£¬Ö±½Ó¸úÔÚif »òelseÓï¾äºóµÄÓï¾äÖ»ÄÜÓÐÒ»¾ä¡£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÓï¾ä£¬ÄãÐèÒª½¨Ò»¸ö³ÌÐò¿é£¬ÈçÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º

int bytesAvailable;
// ...
if (bytesAvailable > 0) {

ProcessData();bytesAvailable -= n;} elsewaitForMoreData();

ÕâÀÈç¹û±äÁ¿bytesAvailable ´óÓÚ0£¬Ôòif¿éÄÚµÄËùÓÐÓï¾ä¶¼»áÖ´ÐС£

һЩ³ÌÐòÔ±¾õµÃÔÚʹÓÃifÓï¾äʱÔÚÆäºó¸úÒ»¸ö´óÀ¨ºÅÊǺܷ½±ãµÄ£¬ÉõÖÁÔÚÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÓï¾äµÄʱºîҲʹÓôóÀ¨ºÅ¡£ÕâʹµÃÔÚÈÕºóÌí¼Ó±ðµÄÓï¾ä±äµÃÈÝÒ×£¬²¢ÇÒÄãÒ²²»±Øµ£ÐÄÍü¼ÇÀ¨ºÅ¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬µ±ÐèÒª¶¨Òå¿éʱ¶øδ¶ÔÆä½øÐж¨ÒåÊÇÒ»¸öµ¼Ö´íÎóµÄÆÕ±éÔ­Òò¡£ÀýÈ磬¿¼ÂÇÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐò¶Î£º

int bytesAvailable;
// ...
if (bytesAvailable > 0) {

ProcessData();bytesAvailable -= n;

} else
waitForMoreData();
bytesAvailable = n;

ÓÉÓÚ±àÅŵÄÔ­Òò£¬¿´ÆðÀ´ËƺõbytesAvailable = n Óï¾äÓ¦¸ÃÔÚelse×Ó¾äÖÐÖ´ÐС£È»¶ø£¬µ±Äãµ÷ÓÃʱ£¬¿Õ°×¶ÔJava Î޹ؽôÒª£¬±àÒëÆ÷ÎÞ·¨ÖªµÀÄãµÄÒâͼ¡£Õâ¶Î³ÌÐò»áͨ¹ý±àÒ룬µ«ÔËÓÃʱ»á³ö´í¡£ÉÏÊöÀý×ÓÓ¦ÐÞ¸ÄÈçÏ£º

int bytesAvailable;
// ...
if (bytesAvailable > 0) {

ProcessData();
bytesAvailable -= n;

} else {
waitForMoreData();
bytesAvailable = n;

}

ǶÌ×if Óï¾ä

ǶÌ×£¨nested£©ifÓï¾äÊÇÖ¸¸ÃifÓï¾äΪÁíÒ»¸öif»òÕßelse Óï¾äµÄ¶ÔÏó¡£ÔÚ±à³Ìʱ¾­³£ÒªÓõ½Ç¶Ì×ifÓï¾ä¡£µ±ÄãʹÓÃǶÌ×ifÓï¾äʱ£¬Ðè¼ÇסµÄÒªµã¾ÍÊÇ£ºÒ»¸öelseÓï¾ä×ÜÊǶÔӦןÍËüÔÚͬһ¸ö¿éÖеÄ×î½üµÄifÓï¾ä£¬¶øÇÒ¸ÃifÓï¾äûÓÐÓëÆäËûelseÓï¾äÏà¹ØÁª¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öÀý×Ó£º
if(i == 10) {if(j < 20) a = b;if(k > 100) c = d; // this if iselse a = c; // associated with this else

}
else a = d; // this else refers to if(i == 10)

Èç×¢ÊÍËùʾ£¬×îºóÒ»¸öelseÓï¾äûÓÐÓëif£¨j <20 £©Ïà¶ÔÓ¦£¬ÒòΪËüÃDz»ÔÚͬһ¸ö¿é£¨¾¡¹Üif£¨j <20 £©Óï¾äÊÇûÓÐÓëelseÅä¶Ô×î½üµÄifÓï¾ä£©¡£×îºóÒ»¸öelseÓï¾ä¶ÔÓ¦×Åif£¨i==10 £©¡£ÄÚ²¿µÄelseÓï¾ä¶ÔÓ¦×Åif£¨k>100 £©£¬ÒòΪËüÊÇͬһ¸ö¿éÖÐ×î½üµÄifÓï¾ä¡£

if-else-if ½×ÌÝ

»ùÓÚǶÌ×ifÓï¾äµÄͨÓñà³Ì½á¹¹±»³ÆΪ if-else-if ½×ÌÝ¡£ËüµÄÓï·¨ÈçÏ£º

if(condition) statement; else if(condition) statement; else if(condition)

statement;
.
.
.
else

statement;

Ìõ¼þ±í´ïʽ´ÓÉϵ½Ï±»ÇóÖµ¡£Ò»µ©ÕÒµ½ÎªÕæµÄÌõ¼þ£¬¾ÍÖ´ÐÐÓëËü¹ØÁªµÄÓï¾ä£¬¸Ã½×ÌݵÄÆäËû²¿·Ö¾Í±»ºöÂÔÁË¡£Èç¹ûËùÓеÄÌõ¼þ¶¼²»ÎªÕ棬ÔòÖ´ÐÐ×îºóµÄelseÓï¾ä¡£×îºóµÄelseÓï¾ä¾­³£±»×÷ΪĬÈϵÄÌõ¼þ£¬¼´Èç¹ûËùÓÐÆäËûÌõ¼þ²âÊÔʧ°Ü£¬¾ÍÖ´ÐÐ×îºóµÄelseÓï¾ä¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐ×îºóµÄelseÓï¾ä£¬¶øÇÒËùÓÐÆäËûµÄÌõ¼þ¶¼Ê§°Ü£¬ÄdzÌÐò¾Í²»×öÈκζ¯×÷¡£

ÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐòͨ¹ýʹÓÃif-else-if ½×ÌÝÀ´È·¶¨Ä³¸öÔÂÊÇʲô¼¾½Ú¡£

// Demonstrate if-else-if statements.
class IfElse {

public static void main(String args[]) {
int month = 4; // April
String season;

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else if(month == 9 || month == 10 || month == 11)
season = "Autumn";
else
season = "Bogus Month";

System.out.println("April is in the " + season + ".");
}
}
¸Ã³ÌÐò²úÉúÈçÏÂÊä³ö£º

April is in the Spring.

ÔÚÍùϼÌÐø½²Ö®Ç°£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÏëÒªÏÈÊÔÑéÕâ¸ö³ÌÐò¡£Ä㽫¿´µ½£¬²»¹ÜÄã¸ømonth ʲôֵ£¬¸Ã½×ÌÝÖÐÓжøÇÒÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÓï¾äÖ´ÐС£

5.1.2 switch Óï¾ä
switchÓï¾äÊÇJava µÄ¶à··ÖÖ§Óï¾ä¡£ËüÌṩÁËÒ»ÖÖ»ùÓÚÒ»¸ö±í´ïʽµÄÖµÀ´Ê¹³ÌÐòÖ´Ðв»Í¬²¿·ÖµÄ¼òµ¥·½·¨¡£Òò´Ë£¬ËüÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö±ÈһϵÁÐif-else-if Óï¾ä¸üºÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£switch Óï¾äµÄͨÓÃÐÎʽÈçÏ£º

switch (expression) {

case value1:

// statement sequence

break;

case value2:

// statement sequence

break;

.

.

.

case valueN:

// statement sequence

break;

default:

// default statement sequence

}

±í´ïʽexpression ±ØÐëΪbyte£¬short£¬int »òcharÀàÐÍ¡£Ã¿¸öcaseÓï¾äºóµÄÖµvalue ±ØÐëÊÇÓë±í´ïʽÀàÐͼæÈݵÄÌض¨µÄÒ»¸ö³£Á¿£¨Ëü±ØÐëΪһ¸ö³£Á¿£¬¶ø²»ÊDZäÁ¿£©¡£Öظ´µÄcaseÖµÊDz»ÔÊÐíµÄ¡£

switch Óï¾äµÄÖ´Ðйý³ÌÈçÏ£º±í´ïʽµÄÖµÓëÿ¸öcaseÓï¾äÖеij£Á¿×÷±È½Ï¡£Èç¹û·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»¸öÓëÖ®ÏàÆ¥ÅäµÄ£¬ÔòÖ´ÐиÃcaseÓï¾äºóµÄ´úÂë¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÒ»¸öcase³£Á¿Óë±í´ïʽµÄÖµÏàÆ¥Å䣬ÔòÖ´ÐÐdefault Óï¾ä¡£µ±È»£¬default Óï¾äÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÏàÆ¥ÅäµÄcase Óï¾ä£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐdefault Óï¾ä£¬ÔòʲôҲ²»Ö´ÐС£

ÔÚcaseÓï¾äÐòÁÐÖеÄbreak Óï¾ä½«ÒýÆð³ÌÐòÁ÷´ÓÕû¸öswitch Óï¾äÍ˳ö¡£µ±Óöµ½Ò»¸öbreak Óï¾äʱ£¬³ÌÐò½«´ÓÕû¸öswitch Óï¾äºóµÄµÚÒ»ÐдúÂ뿪ʼ¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐС£ÕâÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¡°Ìø³ö¡± switch Óï¾äµÄЧ¹û¡£

ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃswitchÓï¾äµÄ¼òµ¥Àý×Ó£º

// A simple example of the switch.

class SampleSwitch {

public static void main(String args[]) {

for(int i=0; i<6; i++)

switch(i) {

case 0:

System.out.println("i is zero.");

break;
case 1:
System.out.println("i is one.");
break;

case 2:
System.out.println("i is two.");
break;

case 3:
System.out.println("i is three.");
break;

default:
System.out.println("i is greater than 3.");
}
}
}

¸Ã³ÌÐòµÄÊä³öÈçÏ£º

i is zero.
i is one.
i is two.
i is three.
i is greater than 3.
i is greater than 3.

´ÓÖпÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬Ã¿Ò»´ÎÑ­»·£¬ÓëiÖµÏàÅäµÄcase³£Á¿ºóµÄÏà¹ØÓï¾ä¾Í±»Ö´ÐС£ÆäËûÓï¾äÔò±»ºöÂÔ¡£µ±i´óÓÚ3ʱ£¬Ã»ÓпÉÒÔÆ¥ÅäµÄcaseÓï¾ä£¬Òò´ËÖ´ÐÐ default Óï¾ä¡£breakÓï¾äÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊ¡ÂÔÁËbreak Óï¾ä£¬³ÌÐò½«¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐÐÏÂÒ»¸öcaseÓï¾ä¡£ÓÐʱÐèÒªÔÚ¶à¸öcaseÓï¾äÖ®¼äûÓÐbreak Óï¾ä¡£ÀýÈçÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐò£º

// In a switch, break statements are optional.
class MissingBreak {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for(int i=0; i<12; i++)

switch(i) {
case 0:
case 1:
case 2:
case 3:
case 4:

System.out.println("i is less than 5");

break;
case 5:
case 6:
case 7:
case 8:
case 9:

System.out.println("i is less than 10");
break;
default:
System.out.println("i is 10 or more");
}
}
}
¸Ã³ÌÐò²úÉúµÄÊä³öÈçÏ£º

i is less than 5
i is less than 5
i is less than 5
i is less than 5
i is less than 5
i is less than 10
i is less than 10
i is less than 10
i is less than 10
i is less than 10
i is 10 or more
i is 10 or more

ÕýÈç¸Ã³ÌÐòËùÑÝʾµÄÄÇÑù£¬Èç¹ûûÓÐbreakÓï¾ä£¬³ÌÐò½«¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÿһ¸öcaseÓï

¾ä£¬Ö±µ½Óöµ½break Óï¾ä£¨»òswitchÓï¾äµÄĩ⣩¡£µ±È»¸ÃÀý×ÓÊÇΪÁËʾÀý¶øÈËΪ¹¹ÔìµÄ£¬Ê¡ÂÔbreakÓï¾äÔÚÕæʵµÄ³ÌÐòÖÐÓÐÐí¶àʵ¼ÊµÄÓ¦

Óá£ÎªÁË˵Ã÷Ëü¸üÏÖʵµÄÓ÷¨£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿¼ÂÇÏÂÀý¶ÔÒÔÇ°ÏÔʾ¼¾½ÚÀý×ÓµÄÖØд¡£Õâ¸öÖØдµÄ

°æ±¾Ê¹ÓÃswitchÓï¾äÀ´Ê¹³ÌÐòµÄÖ´Ðиü¸ßЧ¡£

// An improved version of the season program.
class Switch {

public static void main(String args[]) {
int month = 4;
String season;
switch (month) {

case 12:
case 1:
case 2:

season = "Winter";

break;
case 3:
case 4:
case 5:

season = "Spring";

break;
case 6:
case 7:
case 8:

season = "Summer";

break;
case 9:
case 10:
case 11:

season = "Autumn";
break;
default:

season = "Bogus Month";}System.out.println("April is in the " + season + ".");

}
}
ǶÌ×switch Óï¾ä

¿ÉÒÔ½«Ò»¸öswitchÓï¾ä×÷Ϊһ¸öÍⲿswitchÓï¾äµÄÓï¾äÐòÁеÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬Õâ³ÆΪǶÌ×switchÓï¾ä¡£ÒòΪһ¸öswitchÓï¾ä¶¨ÒåÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ¿é£¬ÍⲿswitchÓï¾äºÍÄÚ²¿switchÓï¾äµÄcase ³£Á¿²»»á²úÉú³åÍ»¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐò¶ÎÊÇÍêÈ«ÕýÈ·µÄ£º

switch(count) {

case 1:

switch(target) { // nested switch

case 0:

System.out.println("target is zero");

break;

case 1: // no conflicts with outer switch

System.out.println("target is one");

break; }

break;

case 2: // ...

±¾ÀýÖУ¬ÄÚ²¿switchÓï¾äÖÐµÄ case 1 £ºÓï¾äÓëÍⲿswitchÓï¾äÖеÄcase 1£ºÓï¾ä²»³åÍ»¡£±äÁ¿count½öÓëÍâ²ãµÄcaseÓï¾äÏà±È½Ï¡£Èç¹û±äÁ¿count Ϊ1£¬Ôò±äÁ¿target ÓëÄÚ²ãµÄcaseÓï¾äÏà±È½Ï¡£

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