ºìÁªLinuxÃÅ»§
Linux°ïÖú

Ô¶³Ì°²×°Linux²Ù×÷ϵͳ

·¢²¼Ê±¼ä:2006-01-20 10:17:25À´Ô´:ºìÁª×÷Õß:Myiozzdoc
1£® ÒýÑÔ

Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼ÊÇÀûÓÃÈíÇý»ò¹âÇýÒýµ¼Linuxºó£¬ÔÙͨ¹ý±¾µØµÄ¹âÇý°²×°Linux¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÕâÖÖ°²×°·½·¨ÔÚÒÔϵļ¸ÖÖÇé¿öϾͲ»ÄÜÊÊÓãº

ÎÞÈíÇýºÍ¹âÇý£ººÜ¶à¹«Ë¾ÎªÁ˽ÚÊ¡³É±¾£¬¼ÆËã»úÒ»°ã¶¼²»´ø¹âÇý»òÈíÇý£¬ÕâÑù¾ÍÎÞ·¨Í¨¹ý±¾µØ°²×°Linux£»

·Ç±ê×¼µÄÈíÇýºÍ¹âÇý£ºËäÈ»±Ê¼Ç±¾¶¼»áÅäÖùâÇý£¬µ«ÊDz¢²»Ò»¶¨¶¼ÊDZê×¼µÄIDEÉ豸£¬ÓÐЩÊÇͨ¹ýUSB½Ó¿Ú£¬ÓÐЩÊÇͨ¹ý1394½Ó¿Ú£¨ÀýÈçSamsung µÄQ10£©¡£ÔÚLinux°²×°Ê±ËùÒýµ¼µÄLinuxÄÚºËÒ»°ã¶¼²»»á´øÕâЩ½Ó¿ÚµÄÇý¶¯£¬ËùÒÔÒ²ÎÞ·¨Í¨¹ý±¾µØ°²×°Linux£»

ÁíÍ⣬ÔÚһЩ³¡ºÏ£¬Èç»ú·¿ÖУ¬ÓдóÁ¿µÄ¼ÆËã»úÐèҪͬʱ°²×°Linux£¬Èç¹ûͨ¹ý¹âÇýµÄ·½Ê½Ò»¸ö¸ö°²×°£¬²»½öЧÂʵͣ¬Ò²²»ÀûÓÚά»¤¡£

±ÊÕßÔÚ¹¤×÷¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¾ÍÓöµ½¹ýµÚ¶þÖÖÇé¿ö¡£Ò»Ì¨SamsungµÄQ10±Ê¼Ç±¾ÐèÒª°²×°Redhat Linux 8.0£¬µ«ÊÇͨ¹ý¹âÇýÒýµ¼ºó·¢ÏÖ£¬°²×°³ÌÐòÎÞ·¨·ÃÎʹâÅÌ¡£Õë¶ÔÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬±ÊÕß¾­¹ý²éÔÄ×ÊÁϺÍÃþË÷£¬ÕÒµ½ÁËÔÚQ10ÉÏ°²×°LinuxµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÌÖÂÛÖУ¬Èç²»×öÌرðÉùÃ÷£¬¶¼½«ÒÔQ10ΪÀý£¬½éÉÜÈçºÎͨ¹ýPXE BootromÀ´Ô¶³Ì°²×°Linux¡£

2£® »ù±¾Ô­Àí

1£© ʲôÊÇPXE

PXE(Pre-boot Execution Environment)ÊÇÓÉIntelÉè¼ÆµÄЭÒ飬Ëü¿ÉÒÔʹ¼ÆËã»úͨ¹ýÍøÂçÆô¶¯¡£Ð­Òé·ÖΪclientºÍserverÁ½¶Ë£¬PXE clientÔÚÍø¿¨µÄROMÖУ¬µ±¼ÆËã»úÒýµ¼Ê±£¬BIOS°ÑPXE clientµ÷ÈëÄÚ´æÖ´ÐУ¬²¢ÏÔʾ³öÃüÁî²Ëµ¥£¬¾­Óû§Ñ¡Ôñºó£¬PXE client½«·ÅÖÃÔÚÔ¶¶ËµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳͨ¹ýÍøÂçÏÂÔص½±¾µØÔËÐС£

PXEЭÒéµÄ³É¹¦ÔËÐÐÐèÒª½â¾öÒÔÏÂÁ½¸öÎÊÌ⣺

¼ÈÈ»ÊÇͨ¹ýÍøÂç´«Ê䣬ÄÇô¼ÆËã»úÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±£¬ËüµÄIPµØÖ·ÓÉË­À´ÅäÖã»

ͨ¹ýʲôЭÒéÏÂÔØLinuxÄں˺͸ùÎļþϵͳ

¶ÔÓÚµÚÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýDHCP Server½â¾ö£¬ÓÉDHCP serverÀ´¸øPXE client·ÖÅäÒ»¸öIPµØÖ·£¬DHCP ServerÊÇÓÃÀ´¸øDHCP Client¶¯Ì¬·ÖÅäIPµØÖ·µÄЭÒ飬²»¹ýÓÉÓÚÕâÀïÊǸøPXE Client·ÖÅäIPµØÖ·£¬ËùÒÔÔÚÅäÖÃDHCP Serverʱ£¬ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÏàÓ¦µÄPXEÌØÓÐÅäÖá£

ÖÁÓÚµÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÔÚPXE clientËùÔÚµÄROMÖУ¬ÒѾ­´æÔÚÁËTFTP Client¡£PXE ClientʹÓÃTFTP Client£¬Í¨¹ýTFTPЭÒéµ½TFTP ServerÉÏÏÂÔØËùÐèµÄÎļþ¡£

ÕâÑù£¬PXEЭÒéÔËÐеÄÌõ¼þ¾Í¾ß±¸ÁË£¬ÏÂÃæÎÒÃǾÍÀ´¿´¿´PXEЭÒéµÄ¹¤×÷¹ý³Ì¡£

2£© ¹¤×÷¹ý³Ì



ÔÚÉÏͼÖУ¬PXE clientÊÇÐèÒª°²×°LinuxµÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬TFTP ServerºÍDHCP ServerÔËÐÐÔÚÁíÍâһ̨Linux ServerÉÏ¡£BootstrapÎļþ¡¢ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡¢LinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳ¶¼·ÅÖÃÔÚLinux ServerÉÏTFTP·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¸ùĿ¼Ï¡£

PXE clientÔÚ¹¤×÷¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÐèÒªÈý¸ö¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ£ºbootstrap¡¢Linux Äں˺ÍLinux¸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£BootstrapÎļþÊÇ¿ÉÖ´ÐгÌÐò£¬ËüÏòÓû§Ìṩ¼òµ¥µÄ¿ØÖƽçÃ棬²¢¸ù¾ÝÓû§µÄÑ¡Ôñ£¬ÏÂÔغÏÊʵÄLinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£

3£® ²½Öè

ÓÐÁËÇ°ÃæµÄ±³¾°ÖªÊ¶£¬½ÓÏÂÀ´¾Í¿ÉÒÔÕýʽ²Ù×÷ÁË£¬ÏÂÃæ°´ÕÕ˳Ðò¸ø³öÁ˲Ù×÷²½Ö裺

1£© ÅäÖÃDHCP Server

Ñ¡ÓÃISC dhcp-3.0£¬DHCP ServerµÄÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇ/etc/dhcpd.conf£¬ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º

option space PXE;

option PXE.mtftp-ip¡¡ code 1 = ip-address;¡¡

option PXE.mtftp-cportcode 2 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-sportcode 3 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-tmoutcode 4 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.mtftp-delaycode 5 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.discovery-control¡¡code 6 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.discovery-mcast-addr¡¡ code 7 = ip-address;

class "pxeclients" {

match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";

option vendor-class-identifier "PXEClient";

vendor-option-space PXE;

# At least one of the vendor-specific PXE options must be set in

# order for the client boot ROMs to realize that we are a PXE-compliant

# server.¡¡We set the MCAST IP address to 0.0.0.0 to tell the boot ROM

# that we can't provide multicast TFTP (address 0.0.0.0 means no

# address).

option PXE.mtftp-ip 0.0.0.0;

# This is the name of the file the boot ROMs should download.

filename "pxelinux.0";

# This is the name of the server they should get it from.

next-server 192.168.0.1;

}

ddns-update-style interim;

ignore client-updates;

default-lease-time 1200;

max-lease-time 9200;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;

option routers 192.168.0.254;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2;

option domain-name "mydomain.org";

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.100;

}

host q10 {

hardware ethernet 00:00:F0:6B:38:5B;

fixed-address 192.168.0.22;

}

dhcpd.confÅäÖÃÎļþÖм¸¸ö¹Ø¼ü²¿·Ö˵Ã÷ÈçÏ£ºhost q10{¡­}¶¨ÒåÁ˱ʼDZ¾Q10Íø¿¨µÄMACµØÖ·ÓëIPµØÖ·µÄ¶ÔÓ¦¹Øϵ£¬±íÃ÷DHCP ServerΪQ10·ÖÅäÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨µÄIP£º192.168.0.22£»filename ""Ö¸¶¨bootstrapµÄÎļþÃû£»netx-serverÖ¸¶¨TFTP ServerµÄµØÖ·¡£ÆäËüµÄÅäÖÃÇë¶ÁÕ߲ο¼DHCP ServerµÄÊֲᡣ

2£© ÅäÖÃTFTP server

Ñ¡ÓÃtftp-hpa£¬TFTP ServerµÄÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇ/etc/xinetd.d/tftp£¬ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º

service tftp

{

socket_type = dgram

protocol= udp

wait= yes

user= root

server¡¡= /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args = -u nobody -s /tftpboot

disable = no

per_source¡¡= 11

cps = 100 2

}

ÕâÀïÖƶ¨ÁË/tftpbootΪTFTP ServerµÄ¸ùĿ¼λÖá£

3£© ÅäÖÃbootstrap

bootstrapÎļþÔÚdhcpd.confÖб»Ö¸¶¨Îªpxelinux.0Îļþ£¬·ÅÖÃÔÚ/tftpboot¡£LinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳҲ·ÅÖÃÔÚ/tftpboot¡£pxelinux.0ÔÚÖ´Ðйý³ÌÖУ¬Òª¶ÁÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬ËùÓеÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¶¼·ÅÔÚ/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/ Ŀ¼Ï¡£ÓÉÓÚPXElinux¾ßÓÐΪ²»Í¬µÄPXE ClientÌṩ²»Í¬µÄLinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ËùÒÔҪͨ¹ý²»Í¬µÄÅäÖÃÎļþÃûÀ´Çø·Ö³ö²»Í¬µÄPXE ClientµÄÐèÇó¡£±ÈÈçÒ»¸öPXE ClientÓÉDHCP Server·ÖÅäµÄIPµØַΪ192.168.0.22£¬ÄÇôÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄÅäÖÃÎļþÃûΪ/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/C0A80016 £¨×¢£ºC0A80016ΪIPµØÖ·192.168.0.22µÄÊ®Áù½øÖƱíʾ£©¡£Èç¹ûÕÒ²»µ½£¬¾Í°´ÕÕ˳ÐòC0A80016-> C0A8001-> C0A800-> C0A80-> C0A8-> C0A-> C0-> C->default²éÕÒÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£

/tftpboot/pxelinux.cft/C0A80001ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ¾ßÌåÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º

DEFAULT install

PROMPT 1

LABEL install

KERNEL vmlinuz

APPEND initrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=16384

´ËÅäÖÃÎļþÖ¸¶¨ÁËLinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄÃû³Æ£¬²¢¸øÄں˴«µÝÁËһЩ²ÎÊý£¬ÆäÖÐramdisk_size²ÎÊýÒª·Ç³£×¢Ò⣬ËüÖ¸¶¨LinuxÄÚºËÆô¶¯ºó½¨Á¢ramdiskµÄ´óС£¬Èç¹ûÉèÖÃ̫С£¬LinuxµÄ°²×°¹ý³Ì¾Í¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨½øÐС£

4£© ÖÆ×÷LinuxÄÚºË/¸ùÎļþϵͳ

ÒòΪÐèҪͨ¹ýÍøÂç°²×°£¬ËùÓÐÑ¡ÔñRedhat Linux 8.0°²×°ÅÌ£¨disk #1£©ÖÐE:imagesbootnet.img£¨¹âÇýµÄÅÌ·ûΪE:£©¡£bootnet.img°üÀ¨LinuxÄںˡ¢Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳ£¨Óа²×°³ÌÐòÔÚÄÚ£©¡£ÓÃbootnet.imgÖÆ×÷Ò»ÕÅÒýµ¼ÈíÅÌ£¬·½·¨ÔÚDOSÃüÁîÐÐÔËÐÐE:dosutilsrawrite E:imagesbootnet.img£¬¸ù¾ÝÌáʾÖÆ×÷¡£ÖÆ×÷Íê±Ïºó£¬½«Òýµ¼ÈíÅÌÖеÄvmlinuz£¨LinuxÄںˣ©ºÍinitrd.img £¨Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳ£©¿½±´µ½Linux ServerµÄ/tftpbootÏ¡£

5£© Æô¶¯DHCP Server/TFTP Server

ÔÚLinux ServerÉÏ£¬ÔËÐÐservice dhcpd startºÍservice xinetd restart¡£

6£© Æô¶¯Q10

Q10¼Óµçºó£¬ÔÚ³öÏÖSamsung¹«Ë¾»Õ±êʱ£¬ÔÚ×óϽǻáÌáʾÓû§°´F12½øÈëÍøÂçÒýµ¼¡£°´F12ºó£¬Q10½øÈëÍøÂçÒýµ¼¹ý³Ì¡£Ê×ÏÈͨ¹ýDHCP Server»ñµÃÁËIPµØÖ·£¬È»ºóÏÂÔز¢Ö´ÐÐbootstrapÎļþpxelinux.0£»ÔÚÖ´ÐÐÖУ¬¶ÁÈëÅäÖÃÎļþ /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/C0A80016¡£´ËʱÆÁÄ»ÉϳöÏÖboot:£¬ÇÃÈëinstall£¬¾Í½øÈëÁËRedhat Linux 8.0µÄÍøÂç°²×°½çÃ棬һÇÐOK!

4£® ½áÊøÓï

ËäÈ»ÒÔÉϵÄÌÖÂÛÊÇÕë¶ÔSamsung Q10±Ê¼Ç±¾£¬µ«Êǹ¤×÷Ô­ÀíºÍ°²×°·½·¨¶ÔÓÚÆäËüÀàÐ͵ļÆËã»úÒ²ÊÇÊÊÓõģ¬²»¹ýÒª¼Çס£¬¼ÆËã»úµÄÍø¿¨ÖбØÐëÒªÓÐBootROM--PXE Client¡£Í¬Ê±£¬PXEЭÒéÒ²¿É×÷ΪÎÞÅÌLinux¼¼Êõ£¬ÓÃÓÚÒýµ¼·ÅÖÃÔÚÔ¶³ÌµÄLinux¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Ö»Òª¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª£¬ÔÚPxelinuxµÄÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ APPENDÑ¡ÏîÖУ¬ÎªLinuxÄں˴«½øÐèÒªmountµÄÎļþϵͳµÄλÖòÎÊý¼´¿É¡£

²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ

PXELINUX£¬http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php

Net booting with DHCP, PXE-Linux and TFTP£¬http://logout.sh/computers/linux/netboot/

Different kinds of PXE£¬http://clic.mandrakesoft.com/documentation/pxe/ch02.html

¹ØÓÚ×÷Õß

ÌÀ¿­£¬½â·Å¾üÀí¹¤´óѧָ»Ó×Ô¶¯½ÌÑÐÊÒ½²Ê¦£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý Mail µØÖ· tangk73@hotmail.comÓëËûÈ¡µÃÁªÏµ¡£
ÎÄÕÂÆÀÂÛ

¹²ÓÐ 3 ÌõÆÀÂÛ

  1. Сº¢Ò»¸ö ÓÚ 2017-09-08 22:25:29·¢±í:

    ѧϰһÏ£¡

  2. huchenahu ÓÚ 2010-03-30 17:05:21·¢±í:

    Å£ÈË£¡

  3. jack200788 ÓÚ 2010-03-30 14:54:39·¢±í:

    ²»´í²»´íѧϰһÏ£¬¶¥...£¡