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ÒÔfedora 4.0ΪÀý£¬ÎÒÃdz£ÓõŤ¾ßmkfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.reiserfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat mkswap

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[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t Îļþϵͳ ´æ´¢É豸



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ÕâÀïµÄÎļþϵͳÊÇÒªÖ¸¶¨µÄ£¬±ÈÈç ext3 £»reiserfs £»ext2 £»fat32 £»msdos µÈ... ...
É豸±ÈÈçÊÇÒ»¸öÓ²Å̵ķÖÇø£¬ÈíÅÌ£¬¹âÇýµÈ.. ...

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[root@localhost beinan]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 765 6144831 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2 766 2805 16386300 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/hda3 2806 9729 55617030 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2806 3825 8193118+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 3826 5100 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 5101 5198 787153+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda8 5199 6657 11719386 83 Linux
/dev/hda9 6658 7751 8787523+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda10 7752 9729 15888253+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 125 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16128 * 512 = 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 25 201568+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 125 806400 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 26 50 201568+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 51 76 200781 83 Linux

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÓÐsdaÕâ¸öÉ豸£¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒÔÓà fdisk -l /dev/sdaרÃÅÀ´ÏÔʾËûµÄ·ÖÇøÇé¿ö£»±ÈÈçÎÒÏë¸ñʽ»¯ /dev/sda6 ·ÖÇøΪ ext3Îļþϵͳ£¬ÔòΪ£º


[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda6
mke2fs 1.37 (21-Mar-2005)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
50200 inodes, 200780 blocks
10039 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: ×¢£ºÔÚÕâÀïÖ±½Ó»Ø³µ£»
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

ÕâÑù¾Í¸ñʽ»¯ºÃÁË£¬sda6ÏÖÔÚ¾ÍÊÇext3ÎļþϵͳÁË£»ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔÓÃmount ¼ÓÔØÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø£¬È»ºóʹÓÃÕâ¸öÎļþϵͳ£»


[root@localhost beinan]# mkdir /mnt/sda6
[root@localhost beinan]# chmod 777 /mnt/sda6
[root@localhost beinan]# mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/sda6

µ±È»ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ·ÖÇø¸ñʽ»¯³ÉÆäËüµÄÎļþϵͳ£»±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇ°Ñ /dev/sda6¸ñʽ»¯Îªext3 ¡¢ext2¡¢reiserfs¡¢fat32¡¢msdos Îļþϵͳ£¬ÃüÁî¸ñʽÈçÏ£»


[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda6
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sda6
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t reiserfs /dev/sda6
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t fat32 /dev/sda6
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs -t msdos /dev/sda6
... ...


2£©mkfs.ext3 mkfs.reiserfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat mke2fs µÄ½éÉÜ£»


ÎÒÃÇÏÈ˵ÁËÒ»¸ömkfs ¹¤¾ßºó£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÙÀ´½éÉÜ mkfs.ext3 mkfs.reiserfs mkfs.ext2 mkdosfs mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat £¬Æäʵmkfs ÔÚÖ´ÐеÄÃüÁîµÄʱºò£¬Ò²Êǵ÷ÓõÄÕâ¸ö¹¤¾ß£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇÎÒÏÈ°Ñmkfs½éÉܵÄÖ÷ÒªÔ­Òò£»

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[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éext3Îļþϵͳ
[root@localhost beinan]# mke2fs -j /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éext3Îļþϵͳ
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éext2Îļþϵͳ
root@localhost beinan]# mke2fs /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éext2Îļþϵͳ
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs.reiserfs /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³ÉreiserfsÎļþϵͳ
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs.vfat /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éfat32Îļþϵͳ
[root@localhost beinan]# mkfs.msdos /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éfat16Îļþϵͳ,msdosÎļþϵͳ¾ÍÊÇfat16£»
[root@localhost beinan]# mkdosfs /dev/sda6 ×¢£º°Ñ¸ÃÉ豸¸ñʽ»¯³Éfat16Îļþϵͳ£¬Í¬mkfs.msdos
... ...



2£©mkswap °ÑÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø¸ñʽ»¯³ÉΪswap½»»»Çø£»


[root@localhost beinan]# mkswap /dev/sda6 ×¢£º´´½¨´Ë·ÖÇøΪswap ½»»»·ÖÇø
[root@localhost beinan]# swapon /dev/sda6 ×¢£º¼ÓÔؽ»»»·ÖÇø£»
[root@localhost beinan]# swapoff /dev/sda6 ×¢£º¹Ø±Õ½»»»·ÖÇø£»

ÎÒÃDz鿴ϵͳÒѾ­¼ÓÔصÄswap½»»»·ÖÇø£»


[root@localhost beinan]# swapon /dev/sda6 ×¢£º¼ÓÔؽ»»»·ÖÇø£»
[root@localhost beinan]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/hda7 partition 787144 0 -1
/dev/sda6 partition 225144 0 -3

ΪʲôÎÒµÄϵͳÓÐÁ½¸ö½»»»·ÖÇø£¿ÒòΪÎÒÓÃÒƶ¯UÅÌ×öµÄʵÑ飬Ö÷ÒªÊÇΪд½Ì³ÌÖ®Óã»sda6ÊÇÎÒÔÚUÅÌÉϽ¨µÄswap·ÖÇø£»
Èç¹ûÈÃswap¿ª»ú¾Í¼ÓÔØ£¬Ó¦¸Ã¸Ä /etc/fstabÎļþ£¬¼ÓÀàËÆÈçÏÂÒ»ÐУ»

/dev/sda6 swap swap defaults 0 0 ×¢£º°Ñ´ËÐÐÖеÄ/dev/hda7 ¸ÄΪÄúµÄ½»»»·ÖÇø¾ÍÐУ»

»òÕß°ÑÃüÁîÐÐÖ±½ÓдÈë /etc/rc.d/rc.localÖÐÒ²ÐУ»


swapon /dev/sda6

Èç¹ûÄúµÄÓ²Å̲»ÄÜÔÙ·ÖÇø£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸öswapÎļþ


[root@localhost beinan]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swap bs=1024 count=524288 ×¢£º´´½¨Ò»¸ö´óСΪ512M µÄswap Îļþ£¬ÔÚ/tmpĿ¼ÖУ»Äú¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý×Ô¼ºµÄÐèÒªµÄ´óСÀ´´´½¨swap Îļþ£»
¶ÁÈëÁË 524288+0 ¸ö¿é
Êä³öÁË 524288+0 ¸ö¿é
[root@localhost beinan]# mkswap /tmp/swap ×¢£º°Ñ/tmp/swap Îļþ£¬´´½¨³Éswap ½»»»Çø
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 536866 kB
no label, UUID=d9d8645d-92cb-4d33-b36e-075bb0a2e278
[root@localhost beinan]# swapon /tmp/swap ×¢£º¹ÒÔØswap
[root@localhost beinan]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/hda7 partition 787144 888 -1
/tmp/swap file 524280 0 -2

×¢Ò⣺ÆäʵÎÒÃÇÔÚ°²×°ÏµÍ³µÄʱºò£¬¾ÍÒѾ­»®·ÖÁ˽»»»·ÖÇø£»²é¿´/etc/fstab£¬Ó¦¸ÃswapµÄÐУ»Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ°²×°ÏµÍ³Ê±Ã»ÓÐÌí¼Óswap£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÕâÖÖ°ì·¨À´Ìí¼Ó£»


Èý¡¢¹ÒÔØÎļþϵͳ£»


¹ÒÔØÎļþϵͳ£¬Ä¿Ç°ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨£¬Ò»ÊÇͨ¹ý mount À´¹ÒÔØ£¬ÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇͨ¹ý/etc/fstabÎļþÀ´¿ª»ú×Ô¶¯¹ÒÔØ£»


1¡¢Í¨¹ýmount À´¹ÒÔØ´ÅÅÌ·ÖÇø£¨»ò´æ´¢É豸£©


mountµÄÓ÷¨ÆäʵҲ¼òµ¥£¬ÎÒÃÇ˵¼¸¸ö³£Óõģ»

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[root@localhost beinan]# mount [-t Îļþϵͳ ] [-o Ñ¡Ïî] É豸 Ŀ¼

×¢£º

-t ͨ¹ýÕâ¸ö²ÎÊý£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´Ö¸¶¨ÎļþϵͳµÄÀàÐÍ£¬Ò»°ãµÄÇé¿öϲ»±ØÖ¸¶¨ÓÐʱҲÄÜʶ¼Ó£¬-t ºóÃæ¸ú ext3 ¡¢ext2 ¡¢reiserfs¡¢vfat ¡¢ntfs µÈ£¬ÆäÖÐ vfat ÊÇfat32ºÍfat16·ÖÇøÎļþϵͳËùËùÓõIJÎÊý£»Èç¹ûÄúÍü¼ÇÁËÎļþϵͳ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÔÚ-t ºóÃæ¼Óauto £»

-o Õâ¸öÑ¡ÏÖ÷ҪѡÏîÓÐȨÏÞ¡¢Óû§¡¢´ÅÅÌÏ޶ÓïÑÔ±àÂëµÈ£¬µ«ÓïÑÔ±àÂëµÄÑ¡Ï´ó¶àÓÃÓÚvfatºÍntfsÎļþϵͳ£»ÓÉÓÚÑ¡ÏîÌ«¶à£¬»¹ÊÇÇëÄú¿´¿´ man mount £»ÕâÀï²»¶à˵£»

É豸 Ö¸´æ´¢É豸£¬±ÈÈç/dev/hda1£¬ /dev/sda1 £¬cdrom µÈ...ÖÁÓÚÄúµÄϵͳÖÐÓÐÄÄЩ´æ´¢É豸£¬Ö÷Ҫͨ¹ý fdisk -l »òÕ߲鿴 /etc/fstab »ò dmesg £»Ò»°ãµÄÇé¿öϹâÇýÉ豸ÊÇ/dev/cdrom £»ÈíÇýÉ豸ÊÇ/dev/fd0 £»Ó²Å̼°Òƶ¯Ó²ÅÌÒÔ fdisk -l µÄÊä³öΪ׼£»


1£©¶Ô¹âÇýºÍÈíÇýµÄ¹ÒÔØ£»


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[root@localhost beinan]# mount /dev/cdrom
[root@localhost beinan]# mount /dev/fd0

µÚÒ»ÐÐÊÇmount ¹âÇý£¬ÖÁÓÚmount µ½ÄÄÁË£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý²é¿´ /etc/fstabÀ´²é¿´£»Í¬ÀíÈíÇý/dev/fd0É豸ҲÊÇÈç´Ë£»±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇÔÚ/etc/fstab


/dev/hdc /media/cdrecorder auto users,exec,noauto,managed 0 0

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒԿ϶¨µÄÊǹâÅ̱»mount µ½ÁË /media/cdrecorder Ŀ¼£»

µ«ÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÀ´Ö¸¶¨cdrom ¹ÒÔصÄλÖà £»±ÈÈç /mnt/cdrom £¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔÕâÑùÀ´¹ÒÔعâÇý£»


[root@localhost beinan]#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost beinan]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

ÎÒÃÇÏȽ¨Ò»¸öĿ¼£¬È»ºóÖ´ÐÐmount ÃüÁÕâÑùcdrom ¾Í¹ÒÔÚ /mnt/cdrom ÖÐÁË£»ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔÔÚ/mnt/cdrom Öв鿴¹âÅÌÖÐ×ÊÁϺÍÎļþ£»Õâ¸öĿ¼ÄúÏëÔõô½¨¾ÍÔõô½¨¡£ÓÃʲôĿ¼²»ÊÇ×îÖØÒªµÄ¡£ÖØÒªµÄÊÇÄúÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÔÚ×öʲô¾ÍÐÐÁË¡£±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÕâ¸öĿ¼½¨³É dvdrom £»È»ºóÓà mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/dvdrom À´¹ÒÔØ£»

ÓÐʱÎÒÃǵÄÉ豸ÊÇCOMBOµÄ£¬ÓÐÖ§³Ödvd cd »¹ÄÜÖ§³Ö¿Ì¼µÄ£»ÎÒÃÇ×îºÃ²éһϹâÇýÉ豸µÄ£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐÁ½¸ö·½·¨£¬Ò»ÊÇͨ¹ý²é¿´ /etc/fstab £¬¶þÊÇͨ¹ýls -l À´²é¿´£»±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇÔÚ/etc/fstabÖв鿴µ½ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÒ»ÐУ»


/dev/hdc /media/cdrecorder auto users,exec,noauto,managed 0 0

ͨ¹ýÕâ¸ö£¬ÎÒÃÇÄÜÖªµÀhdc ¾ÍÊÇcdrom Ò²ÊÇdvdromµÄÉ豸 £¬¸üÊÇ cdrecorderµÄÉ豸£»ÎªÁËÑéÖ¤ÎÒÃǵÄ˵·¨£»ÇëÓÃls -l À´ÁÐÎļþ£»


[root@localhost beinan]# ls -lh /dev/dvd*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2005-09-13 /dev/dvd -> hdc
[root@localhost beinan]# ls -lh /dev/cdrom
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2005-09-13 /dev/cdrom -> hdc
[root@localhost beinan]# ls -lh /dev/cdwriter
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2005-09-13 /dev/cdwriter -> hdc

ÕⲻһĿÁËÈ»ÁËÂð£¿dvd ¡¢cdrom ¡¢cdwriter µÄÎļþÃû¶¼Á´½Óµ½ÁËhdcÕâ¸öÉ豸£¬ËùÒÔ¹âÇýÉ豸¸ùÔ´¾ÍÊÇ/dev/hdc £»ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù¹ÒÔعâÇý£»


[root@localhost beinan]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost beinan]# mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom




2£©¹ÒÔØÓ²Å̺ÍÒƶ¯Ó²Å̵ÄÎļþϵͳ£»


Ò»¸ö·ÖÇøÖ»Óд´½¨ÁËÎļþϵͳºó²ÅÄÜʹÓã¬Ç°ÃæÎÒÃÇ˵¹ýÁË£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚLinux´ó¶àÓõÄÊÇext2 ¡¢ext3¡¢reiserfs¡¢fat32¡¢msdos ¡¢ntfsµÈ£»

[1]¹ÒÔØLinuxÎļþϵͳ£»


¶ÔÓÚext2 ¡¢ext3 ¡¢reiserfs ²»ÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨ÎļþϵͳµÄ±àÂ룬Æäʵmount ҲûÓÐÕâ¸ö¹¦ÄÜ£»ÕâЩLinuxÎļþϵͳ£¬Èç¹û³öÏÖ±àÂëÎÊÌ⣬һ°ãÊÇͨ¹ýexport LANGÀ´Ö¸¶¨£»ËùÒÔ¹ÒÔØÕâЩÎļþϵͳ±È½Ï¼òµ¥£»

Ê×ÏÈÎÒÃǵý¨Ò»¸öÎļþϵͳ¹ÒÔصÄĿ¼£»ÎÒÃÇÇ°ÃæÒѾ­Ìáµ½ÁË£»Ò»¸öÓÐÎļþϵͳµÄ·ÖÇøÒª¹Òµ½ÏµÍ³ÖУ¬±ØÐëÒªÓÐÒ»¸ö¹ÒÔص㣻Õâ¸ö¹ÒÔصã¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öĿ¼£»±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýfdisk -l µÃÖªhda5 ÊÇLinux·ÖÇø£¬²¢ÇÒ´´½¨ÁËÎļþϵͳ£¬±ÈÈçÊÇreiserfs Îļþϵͳ°É£»


[root@localhost beinan]# fdisk -l /dev/hda
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 765 6144831 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2 766 2805 16386300 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/hda3 2806 9729 55617030 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2806 3825 8193118+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 3826 5100 10241406 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 5101 5198 787153+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda8 5199 6657 11719386 83 Linux
/dev/hda9 6658 7751 8787523+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda10 7752 9729 15888253+ 83 Linux

ÎÒÃÇÏÈÓÃfdisk -l À´²é¿´Ò»Ï·ÖÇøÇé¿ö£ºÎÒÃÇÏëÒª¹ÒÔØ/dev/hda5·ÖÇø£¬±ÈÈçhda5·ÖÇø´´½¨µÄÊÇreiserfsÎļþϵͳ£»


[root@localhost beinan]# mkdir /mnt/hda5/ ×¢£ºÏÈ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¹ÒÔØĿ¼£»
[root@localhost beinan]# chmod 777 /mnt/hda5/ ×¢£ºÉèÖÃ/mnt/hda5µÄȨÏÞΪÈκÎÓû§¿Éд¿É¶Á¿ÉÖ´ÐУ»ÕâÑùËùÓеÄÓû§¶¼ÄÜÔÚдÈ룻
[root@localhost beinan]# mount -t reiserfs /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ×¢£ºÍ¨¹ý-t reiserfs À´Ö¸¶¨/dev/hda5ÊÇreiserfs Îļþϵͳ£¬ ²¢ÇÒ¹ÒÔص½/mnt/hda5Ŀ¼£»
[root@localhost beinan]# mount -t auto /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ×¢£º¼ÙÈçÎÒÃDz»ÖªµÀhda5ÉÏreiserfs Îļþϵͳ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓà -t auto ÈÃϵͳ¶¨¶á£¬È»ºó¹ÒÔص½/mnt/hda5 £»
[root@localhost beinan]# mount /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ×¢£º²»¼ÓÈκβÎÊý£¬Ö±½Ó mount /dev/hda5 µ½/mnt/hda5£»ÏµÍ³×Ô¶¯ÅжϷÖÇøÎļþϵͳ£»

ÊDz»ÊDZ»¹ÒÔØÁË£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýdf -lh À´²é¿´£»


[root@localhost beinan]# df -lh
Filesystem ÈÝÁ¿ ÒÑÓà ¿ÉÓà ÒÑÓÃ% ¹ÒÔصã
/dev/hda8 11G 8.5G 1.9G 83% /
/dev/shm 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda10 16G 6.9G 8.3G 46% /mnt/hda10
/dev/hda5 7.9G 5.8G 2.1G 74% /mnt/hda5




[2]¹ÒÔØWindowsÎļþϵͳ£»


Çë²Î¿¼£º ¡¶ÔÚFedora core 4.0 ¼ÓÔØNTFSºÍFAT32·ÖÇøÏêÊö¡·


3£©Ð¶ÔØÎļþϵͳumount £»


ÃüÁîÓ÷¨£º


[root@localhost beinan]# umount É豸»ò¹ÒÔØĿ¼


¾ÙÀý£º


[root@localhost beinan]# mount -t auto /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ×¢£º¹ÒÔØ/dev/hda5£»


[root@localhost beinan]# df -lh ×¢£º²é¿´/dev/hda5ÊÇ·ñ±»¹ÒÔØ£»
Filesystem ÈÝÁ¿ ÒÑÓà ¿ÉÓà ÒÑÓÃ% ¹ÒÔصã
/dev/hda8 11G 8.5G 1.9G 83% /
/dev/shm 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda10 16G 6.9G 8.3G 46% /mnt/hda10
/dev/hda5 7.9G 5.8G 2.1G 74% /mnt/hda5


[root@localhost beinan]# umount /dev/hda5 ×¢£ºÐ¶ÔØ/dev/hda5


[root@localhost beinan]# df -lh ×¢£º¿´ÊÇ·ñжÔØÁË/dev/hda5£»
Filesystem ÈÝÁ¿ ÒÑÓà ¿ÉÓà ÒÑÓÃ% ¹ÒÔصã
/dev/hda8 11G 8.5G 1.9G 83% /
/dev/shm 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda10 16G 6.9G 8.3G 46% /mnt/hda10


[root@localhost beinan]#umount /dev/cdrom ×¢£ºÐ¶ÔØcdrom £»
[root@localhost beinan]#umount /dev/fd0 ×¢£ºÐ¶ÔØÈíÇý£»

... ...

ÔÙ˵һ¸ö²é¿´·ÖÇøÊÇ·ñ±»¹ÒÔØÁ˵ÄÃüÁֱ½ÓÓà mount -s


[root@localhost beinan]# mount -s


2¡¢Í¨¹ý/etc/fstabÎļþÀ´¿ª»ú×Ô¶¯¹ÒÔØÎļþϵͳ


1£©Àí½âfstab


ÉÏÃæÎÒÃÇ˵ÁËmount¹ÒÔØ´æ´¢É豸ÎļþϵͳµÄ°ì·¨£»ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÔÙÀ´ËµÒ»ËµÔÚ/etc/fstab ÖÐʵÏÖ¿ª»ú×Ô¶¯¹ÒÔØÎļþϵͳµÄ°ì·¨£»Ê×ÏÈÎÒÃÇÒª²é¿´ /etc/fstab £»Ö÷Òª¿´ËûµÄ¹æ»®Ð´·¨£»


# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
LABEL=/1 / ext3 defaults 1 1
/dev/devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
/dev/shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
/dev/proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sys /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-hda7 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hdc /media/cdrecorder auto users,exec,noauto,managed 0 0

µÚÒ»×ֶΣºÉ豸Ãû£¬ÔÚÕâÀï±íʾÊÇÎļþϵͳ£» ÓÐʱÎÒÃǰѹÒÔØÎļþϵͳҲ˵³É¹ÒÔØ·ÖÇø£» ÔÚÕâ¸ö×Ö¶ÎÖÐÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓ÷ÖÇø±êÇ©£»ÔÚÀý×ÓÖÐ/LABEL=/1¾ÍÊÇFedora ϵͳ°²×°·ÖÇøµÄ±êÇ©£¬ÖÁÓÚÊÇÔÚÄĸö·ÖÇø£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà df -lh À´²é¿´£»


[root@localhost beinan]# df -lh
Filesystem ÈÝÁ¿ ÒÑÓà ¿ÉÓà ÒÑÓÃ% ¹ÒÔصã
/dev/hda8 11G 8.5G 1.9G 83% /
/dev/shm 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda10 16G 6.9G 8.3G 46% /mnt/hda10

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ LABEL=/1ÊÇ/dev/hda8µÄ±êÇ©£»ÄÇÎÒÃÇÓÃʲôÃüÁîÀ´´´½¨Ó²ÅÌ·ÖÇøµÄ±êÇ©ÄØ£¿

¶ÔÓÚext3ºÍext2Îļþϵͳ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓà e2label À´ÉèÖÃ


e2label device [newlabel]

±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇÏë°ÑÎļþϵͳΪext3 µÄ·ÖÇø/dev/hda5µÄ±êÇ©É豸Ϊ /5 £¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÖ´ÐÐÈçϵÄÃüÁ


[root@localhost beinan]# e2label /dev/hda5 /5
[root@localhost beinan]# mkdir /mnt/hda5 ×¢£º´´½¨¹ÒÔØ/dev/hda5·ÖÇøµÄĿ¼£»
[root@localhost beinan]# chmod 777 /mnt/hda5 ×¢£º´ò¿ªÈ¨ÏÞ£¬ËùÓÐÓû§¿É¶Á¿Éд¿ÉÖ´ÐУ»

È»ºóÎÒÃÇÒª¸Ä/etc/fstab ÖмÓÒ»ÐÐ


/5 /mnt/hda5 ext3 defaults 0 0

¾¯¸æ£º Çë²»ÒªÔÚÄúµÄLinuxµÄ°²×°·ÖÇø£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇLinuxϵͳ/ ËùÔڵķÖÇø£©Êµ¼ù£¬»áµ¼ÖÂÄúµÄLinuxϵͳ±ÀÀ££»Èç¹ûÏëʵ¼ù£¬ÇëÔÚÆäËü·ÖÇø²âÊÔ£»

Èç¹ûÊÇreiserfsÎļþϵͳ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÓÃ

[root@localhost beinan]# reiserfstune -l ±êÇ© É豸

¾ÙÀý£º±ÈÈçÎÒΪreiserfs Îļþϵͳ /dev/hda10ÉèÖñêǩΪ /10 £»


[root@localhost beinan]# reiserfstune -l /10 /dev/hda10

ÎÒÃÇÔÚ/etc/fstabÖмÓÈëÒ»ÐУ»


/10 /mnt/hda10 reiserfs defaults 0 0

¾¯¸æ£º Çë²»ÒªÔÚÄúµÄLinuxµÄ°²×°·ÖÇø£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇLinuxϵͳ/ ËùÔڵķÖÇø£©Êµ¼ù£¬»áµ¼ÖÂÄúµÄLinuxϵͳ±ÀÀ££»Èç¹ûÏëʵ¼ù£¬ÇëÔÚÆäËü·ÖÇø²âÊÔ£»

µÚ¶þ×ֶΣºÎļþϵͳµÄ¹ÒÔص㣻
µÚÈý×ֶΣºÎļþϵͳÀàÐÍ£»
µÚËÄ×ֶΣºmount ÃüÁîµÄÑ¡ÏºÍmount ÖеÄ-o ͬÀí£»defaults°üÀ¨ÕâЩѡÏî rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async£»Í¨¹ýʵ¼ù£¬Õâ¸öĬÈϵĻ¹ÄÜÂú×ãÎÒÃǵÄÐèÒª£»ÖÁÓÚÕâЩѡÏîµÄÒâ˼£¬Çë²Î¿´man mount £»

µÚÎå×ֶΣº±íʾÎļþϵͳÊÇ·ñÐèÒªdump ±¸·Ý£¬ÊÇÕæ¼Ù¹Øϵ£»1ÊÇÐèÒª£¬0 ÊDz»ÐèÒª£»
µÚÁù×ֶΣº ÊÇ·ñÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±£¬Í¨¹ýfsck´ÅÅ̼ì²â¹¤¾ßÀ´¼ì²éÎļþϵͳ£¬1ÊÇÐèÒª£¬0ÊDz»ÐèÒª£¬2ÊÇÌø¹ý£»

»ùÓÚÕâЩÈÏʶ£»±ÈÈçÎÒÃÇÒª¿ª»ú×Ô¶¯¹ÒÔØ/dev/hda5 £»ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÈçÏÂ×ö£»


[root@localhost beinan]# mkdir /mnt/hda5/ ×¢£ºÏÈ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¹ÒÔØĿ¼£»
[root@localhost beinan]# chmod 777 /mnt/hda5/ ×¢£ºÉèÖÃ/mnt/hda5µÄȨÏÞΪÈκÎÓû§¿Éд¿É¶Á¿ÉÖ´ÐУ»ÕâÑùËùÓеÄÓû§¶¼ÄÜÔÚдÈ룻

È»ºóÎÒÃÇÔÚ/etc/fstab ÖмÓÈçϵÄÒ»ÐУ»


/dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 reiserfs defaults 0 0

ÕâÑùÖØÆô»úÆ÷¾ÍÄÜ¿´µ½Ð§¹ûÁË£»


ËÄ¡¢¶ÔÎļþϵͳ½øÐÐɨÃèfsck£»


´ó¼Ò¶ÔWindowsÖеÄscandisk²»Ä¯Éú°É£¬ÔÚLinuxÖоÍÓÐÀàËÆÕâÑùµÄ¹¤¾ßfsck£¬²»¹ýfsck ¿É²»½ö½öÊÇɨÃ裬»¹ÄÜÐÞÕýÎļþϵͳµÄһЩÎÊÌâ¡£ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇfsck ɨÃèÎļþϵͳʱһ¶¨ÒªÔÚµ¥Óû§Ä£Ê½¡¢ÐÞ¸´Ä£Ê½»ò°ÑÉ豸umountºó½øÐС£

¾¯¸æ£ºÈç¹ûɨÃèÕýÔÚÔËÐÐÖеÄϵͳ£¬»áÔì³ÉϵͳÎļþË𻵣»Èç¹ûÄúµÄϵͳÊÇÕý³££¬Çë²»ÒªÓÃɨÃ蹤¾ß£¬Ëý¿ÉÄÜ»á°ÑÄúµÄϵͳ¸ã»µµô£¬fsckÔËÐÐÊÇÓÐΣÏյģ»

ÒÔFedora ΪÀý£¬ÎļþϵͳɨÃ蹤¾ßÓÐ fsck fsck.ext2 fsck.jfs fsck.msdos fsck.vfat fsck.ext3 fsck.reiserfs£¨reiserfsck£©

ÆäÖÐfsck ĬÈÏÖ§³ÖÎļþϵͳext2£¬Èç¹ûÏëÖ§³Öext3ÎļþϵͳµÄɨÃ裬Ӧ¸Ã¼Ó-j ²ÎÊý£¬×îºÃÊÇÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã¸ù¾Ý²»Í¬µÄÎļþϵͳÀ´µ÷Óò»Í¬µÄɨÃ蹤¾ß£¬±ÈÈç fsck.ext2£¬fsck.jfs£¬fsck.msdos£¬fsck.ext3£¬fsck.reiserfs£¨reiserfsck£©µÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý×Ô¼ºµÄÎļþϵͳѡÔñ²»Í¬µÄɨÃ蹤¾ß£»

¾ÙÀý£ºÉ¨Ãè/dev/hda10·ÖÇø£¨»ùÓÚreiserfsÎļþϵͳ £©£»


[root@localhost beinan]# fsck.reiserfs /dev/hda10
reiserfsck 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com)
*************************************************************
** If you are using the latest reiserfsprogs and it fails **
** please email bug reports to reiserfs-list@namesys.com, **
** providing as much information as possible -- your **
** hardware, kernel, patches, settings, all reiserfsck **
** messages (including version), the reiserfsck logfile, **
** check the syslog file for any related information. **
** If you would like advice on using this program, support **
** is available for $25 at www.namesys.com/support.html. **
*************************************************************
Will read-only check consistency of the filesystem on /dev/hda10
Will put log info to 'stdout'
Do you want to run this program?[N/Yes] (note need to type Yes if you do):Yes
###########
reiserfsck --check started at Wed Sep 14 08:54:17 2005
###########
Replaying journal..
Reiserfs journal '/dev/hda10' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed
Checking internal tree..finished
Comparing bitmaps..finished
Checking Semantic tree:
finished
No corruptions found ×¢£ºÃ»Óз¢ÏÖ´íÎó£»
There are on the filesystem:
Leaves 2046
Internal nodes 15
Directories 130
Other files 2305
Data block pointers 1863657 (70565 of them are zero)
Safe links 0
###########
reiserfsck finished at Wed Sep 14 08:54:33 2005
###########

¶ÔÓÚfsck.ext2ºÍfsck.ext3³£Óõļ¸¸öÑ¡Ï


-p Automatic repair (no questions) ×¢£º×Ô¶¯ÐÞ¸´Îļþϵͳ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌ⣻
-y Assume "yes" to all questions ×¢£ºÈç¹ûÎļþϵͳÓÐÎÊÌ⣬»áÌø³öÌáʾÊÇ·ñÐÞ¸´£¬Èç¹ûÐÞ¸´Çë°´y£»
-c Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list ×¢£º¶ÔÎļþϵͳ½øÐлµ¿é¼ì²é£»ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ÎªÂþ³¤µÄ¹ý³Ì£»
-n Make no changes to the filesystem ×¢£º²»¶ÔÎļþϵͳ×öÈκθı䣬ֻҪɨÃ裬ÒÔ¼ì²âÊÇ·ñÓÐÎÊÌ⣻

¾ÙÀý£º±ÈÈç /dev/hda6 £¨ÎļþϵͳÊÇext3µÄ£©£¬ÎÒÏëɨÃè²¢×Ô¶¯ÐÞ¸´£»


[root@localhost beinan]# fsck.ext3 -p /dev/hda6

×¢Ò⣺ Õë¶Ô²»Í¬Îļþϵͳ£¬×îºÃÓÃÏàÓ¦µÄ¹¤¾ß£»ËäÈ»ÓÐʱfsck ÔÚ²»¼Ó²ÎÊýµÄÇé¿öÏÂÄÜʶ±ð²»Í¬µÄÎļþϵͳ£»

¶ÔÓÚ²»Í¬¹¤¾ßµÄ×îΪÏêϸµÄ²ÎÊý£¬Çë²Î¿´--help»òÕßman £¬Ð»Ð»¡£¡£


ºó¼Ç£º

´´½¨ÎļþϵͳºÍ¼ÓÔØÎļþϵͳ¾ÍËãдµÄ²î²»¶àÁË£»ÔÙ¸ßÉîµÄ¿ÉÄÜÒ²²»ÊÇÎÒËùÄÜдµÄ¡£ÎªÁËдÎļþϵͳϵͳµÄ¹ÒÔØ£¬ÎÒÒѾ­Ð´¹ý¼¸ÆªÎĵµ¡£¿ÉÄÜ»¹µÃÐè²¹³ä¼¸Æª¶ÌСÎĵµ£¬ÒÔ¼°»¹ÓÐÒ»¸ö×ܽáÐÔµÄÎĵµ£»

±ÈÈçFedora Core 4.0 ĬÈÏ°²×°²»Ö§³Ö´´½¨reiserfs Îļþϵͳ£¬½â¾ö°ì·¨ÊÇ°²×°reiserfs-utils £¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇÐèÒª²¹³äµÄ£»
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