Linux作为首屈一指的服务器级别的操作系统，邮件系统的使用非常简单（一行命令），虽然网上已经有很多Shell发邮件的文章帖子足够参考使用，例如这一篇写的比较翔实[附1]，本文基本上也是按其过程操作，这里自己再写一遍是为了以自己的方式总结和学习。
①安装所需软件包
RPM式系统（Redhat、CentOS）：
yum install -y sendmail
yum install -y sharutils
wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mailutils/mailutils-2.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf mailutils-2.2.tar.gz
cd mailutils-2.2 ; ls
./configure
make && make install
DEB式系统（Debian、Ubuntu）：
apt-get install sendmail
apt-get install mailutils
apt-get install sharutils
②简单说明
DEB系统的apt提供了完整的源，可以直接简单安装；RPM系统中“mailutils”包需要手动下载源码编译安装。“sendmail”提供本地邮件配置和服务管理，“mailutils”提供各种格式和通信协议的邮件支持，“sharutils”提供附件传输。
Ubuntu安装完成后邮件服务（“sendmail”）默认已经启动了，CentOS则可能需要手动启动服务。可以通过查看进程列表确认是否需要手动启动服务。
ps aux | grep sendmail
service sendmail start
“sendmail”默认配置是支持本地邮件服务，要打开外网通信，需要修改一下配置文件“/etc/mail/sendmail.mc”，找到“127.0.0.1”，修改为“0.0.0.0”。
③发件示例
普通邮件
echo 邮件正文 | mail -s 邮件主题 -t 收件人
例：echo -e "我是一棵葱\n你是一颗蒜" | mail -s Hello -t …………@…….com
邮件内容来自文件
mail -s subject -t …………@…….com < file
例：mail -s Hello -t …………@…….com < 葱与蒜.txt
附件邮件
uuencode 原文件名 文件附件名 | mail -s subject -t …………@…….com
例：uuencode 葱与蒜.txt 葱与蒜.txt | mail -s subject -t …………@…….com
一个完整例子：
(echo -e "我是一棵葱\n" ; echo "你是一颗蒜" ; uuencode 葱.txt 葱.txt ; uuencode 蒜.txt 蒜.txt) | \
mail -s "Hello Gay" -t …………@163.com, …………@qq.com
作为脚本语言，Python也可以非常方便的进行发邮件[附2]。
附1：shell发邮件命令之mail
目前最常用的就是mail命令了。
(sudo apt-get install mailutils)
也可手动下载安装：http://mailutils.org/download.html
简单一行命令实现发送邮件
echo 'content test' | mail -s "title test" -t abc@hello.com,efg@hello.com,123@world.com-a From:aaa@qq.com
内容由文件导入
mail -s "sh mail test" < file1.txt
带上附件
(uuencode file1.txt file1.txt; uuencode file2.txt file2.txt) | mail -s "title test" -t hello@aaa.com
内容 + 附件
(echo '1111111'; uuencode file1.txt file1.txt; uuencode file2.txt file2.txt) | mail -s "title test" -t hello@aaa.com
多个内容 +多个 附件
(echo '1111111'; echo '22222222'; uuencode file1.txt file1.txt; uuencode file2.txt file2.txt) | mail -s "title test" -t hello@aaa.com
Cent OS 系统上：
下载安装mailutils
wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mailutils/mailutils-2.2.tar.gz
解压进入
./configure
make && make install
yum install -y sendmail
yum install sharutils # 使用带附件功能
service sendmail start
查看sendmail启动没： ps aux |grep sendmail
测试：echo 'content test' | mail -s "title test" -t aaa@b.com
此时发觉只能给公司内部发邮件， 如果需要还能给外面的邮箱（比如我的qq邮箱）发邮件则还需要
vi /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
找到包含Addr的这一行：
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
修改Addr=0.0.0.0 ，表明可以连接到任何服务器
/etc/mail/sendmail.mc
divert(-1)dnl
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $Sendmail: debproto.mc,v 8.14.4 2014-02-11 13:02:08 cowboy Exp $
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Richard Nelson. All Rights Reserved.
#
# cf/debian/sendmail.mc. Generated from sendmail.mc.in by configure.
#
# sendmail.mc prototype config file for building Sendmail 8.14.4
#
# Note: the .in file supports 8.7.6 - 9.0.0, but the generated
# file is customized to the version noted above.
#
# This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems.
#
# If you modify this file, you will have to regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
# by running this file through the m4 preprocessor via one of the following:
# * make (or make -C /etc/mail)
# * sendmailconfig
# * m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
# The first two options are preferred as they will also update other files
# that depend upon the contents of this file.
#
# The best documentation for this .mc file is:
# /usr/share/doc/sendmail-doc/cf.README.gz
#
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
divert(0)dnl
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2005 Richard Nelson. All Rights Reserved.
#
# This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems.
#
define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl
include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl
VERSIONID(`$Id: sendmail.mc, v 8.14.4-4.1ubuntu1 2014-02-11 13:02:08 cowboy Exp $')
OSTYPE(`debian')dnl
DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl#DAEMON_HOSTSTATS=
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
dnl #
dnl # General defines
dnl #
dnl # SAFE_FILE_ENV: [undefined] If set, sendmail will do a chroot()
dnl # into this directory before writing files.
dnl # If *all* your user accounts are under /home then use that
dnl # instead - it will prevent any writes outside of /home !
dnl # define(`confSAFE_FILE_ENV', `')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Daemon options - restrict to servicing LOCALHOST ONLY !!!
dnl # Remove `, Addr=' clauses to receive from any interface
dnl # If you want to support IPv6, switch the commented/uncommentd lines
dnl #
FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MTA-v6, Port=smtp, Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp, Addr=0.0.0.0')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MSP-v6, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MSP-v4, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Be somewhat anal in what we allow
define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',dnl
`needmailhelo,needexpnhelo,needvrfyhelo,restrictqrun,restrictexpand,nobodyreturn,authwarnings')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Define connection throttling and window length
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `15')dnl
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_WINDOW_SIZE',`10m')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Features
dnl #
dnl # use /etc/mail/local-host-names
FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The access db is the basis for most of sendmail's checking
FEATURE(`access_db', , `skip')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The greet_pause feature stops some automail bots - but check the
dnl # provided access db for details on excluding localhosts...
FEATURE(`greet_pause', `1000')dnl 1 seconds
dnl #
dnl # Delay_checks allows sender<->recipient checking
FEATURE(`delay_checks', `friend', `n')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If we get too many bad recipients, slow things down...
define(`confBAD_RCPT_THROTTLE',`3')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Stop connections that overflow our concurrent and time connection rates
FEATURE(`conncontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
FEATURE(`ratecontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If you're on a dialup link, you should enable this - so sendmail
dnl # will not bring up the link (it will queue mail for later)
dnl define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE',`True')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Dialup/LAN connection overrides
dnl #
include(`/etc/mail/m4/dialup.m4')dnl
include(`/etc/mail/m4/provider.m4')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Default Mailer setup
MAILER_DEFINITIONS
MAILER(`local')dnl
MAILER(`smtp')dnl
附2：【Python】一键式发邮件小脚本
工作中涉及到给客户定时发邮件，这里提供一个Python小脚本，单独放进一个py小文件，每次用时import一下非常简单方便。
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
#
# create_author: 蛙鳜鸡鹳狸猿
# create_time : 2016-10-10
# NOTICE : *_*mail config*_*
#
#
import logging
import smtplib
from email import encoders
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
#
#
# class obj
class Mail():
def __init__(self, msg_from, msg_to, msg_subject, text, path_file, host, port, user, password):
self.msg_from = msg_from # 发件箱——————""
self.msg_to = msg_to # 收件箱——————["",""]
self.msg_subject = msg_subject # 邮件主题————""
self.text = text # 邮件正文————""
self.path_file = path_file # 邮件附件————[{"path" : "", "name" : ""}, {"path" : "", "name" : ""}]
self.host = host # 服务器——————"smtp.163.com"
self.port = port # 端口号——————25
self.user = user # 发件箱用户———""
self.password = password # 发件箱密码————""
#
def __str__(self):
tranceback = "An e-mail from \"%s\" to \"%s\" under subject of \"%s\"…………" % (self.msg_from, self.msg_to, self.msg_subject)
return tranceback
#
def csmail(self):
msg = MIMEMultipart()
try:
msg['from'] = self.msg_from
msg['to'] = ','.join(self.msg_to) # because of a BUG of smtplib
msg['subject'] = self.msg_subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(self.text))
for i in self.path_file:
msg_attach = MIMEText(open(i['path'], "rb").read(), "base64", "utf-8")
attach_name = i['name']
msg_attach.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=attach_name)
msg_attach["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"
msg.attach(msg_attach)
except Exception , e:
logging.error("create email under subject \"%s\" failed! Detail: %s" % (self.msg_subject , e))
exit()
ser = smtplib.SMTP()
try:
ser.connect(host=self.host, port=self.port)
ser.login(user=self.user, password=self.password)
ser.sendmail(msg['from'], self.msg_to, msg.as_string())
ser.quit()
except Exception, e:
logging.error("send email under subject \"%s\" failed! Detail: %s" % (self.msg_subject , e))
exit()
以下是一个小示例。
MSG = {"msg_from" : "……@163.com",
"msg_to" : ["……@qq.com", "……@…….com"],
"msg_subject" : "Hello收件人",
"text" : "测试邮件(generate by Python2.7.12)",
"path_file" : [{"path" : moudle_base.rount() + "附件1" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx",
"name" : "附件1" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx"},
{"path" : moudle_base.rount() + "附件2" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx",
"name" : "附件2" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx"}],
"host" : "smtp.163.com",
"port" : 25,
"user" : "……",
"password" : "……"
}
mail = Mail(msg_from=MSG["msg_from"], msg_to=MSG["msg_to"], msg_subject=MSG["msg_subject"], text=MSG["text"], path_file=MSG["path_file"],
host=MSG["host"], port=MSG["port"], user=MSG["user"], password=MSG["password"])
print(mail)
mail.csmail()
也就是把所有的参数放进一个大字典，直接取用就可以了，非常一目了然。